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9.2. Generell information om partitioner

Ett Fedora system har minst tre partitioner:

  • En /boot-partition

  • En /-partition

  • En swap-partition

Många system har fler partitioner än de minimalt listade ovan. Välj partitioner baserat på dina speciella systembehov. Till exempel, överväg att skapa en separat partition /home på de system som lagrar användardata. Gå till Avsnitt 9.4, ”Råd om partitioner” för mer information.

Om du inte är säker på hur du bäst konfigurerar partioner för din dator, acceptera den partitionslayout som är standard.

The RAM installed in your computer provides a pool of memory for running systems. Linux systems use swap partitions to expand this pool, by automatically moving portions of memory between RAM and swap partitions if insufficient RAM is available. In addition, certain power management features store all of the memory for a suspended system in the available swap partitions. If you manually specify the partitions on your system, create one swap partition that has more capacity than the computer RAM.

Data partitions provide storage for files. Each data partition has a mount point, to indicate the system directory whose contents reside on that partition. A partition with no mount point is not accessible by users. Data not located on any other partition resides in the / (or root) partition.

[Viktigt]Rot och /root

The / (or root) partition is the top of the directory structure. The /root (sometimes pronounced "slash-root") directory is the home directory of the user account for system administration.

I den minimala konfigurationen ovan:

  • All data under the /boot/ directory resides on the /boot partition. For example, the file /boot/grub/grub.conf resides on the /boot partition.

  • Any file outside of the /boot partition, such as /etc/passwd, resides on the / partition.

Subdirectories may be assigned to partitions as well. Some administrators create both /usr and /usr/local partitions. In that case, files under /usr/local, such as /usr/local/bin/foo, are on the /usr/local partition. Any other files in /usr/, such as /usr/bin/foo, are in the /usr partition.

If you create many partitions instead of one large / partition, upgrades become easier. Refer to the description of Disk Druid's Edit option for more information.

[Tips]Lämna överflödig kapacitet oallokerad

Only assign storage capacity to those partitions you require immediately. You may allocate free space at any time, to meet needs as they occur. To learn about a more flexible method for storage management, refer to Avsnitt 9.3, ”Förstå LVM”.

9.2.1. Partitionstyper

Varje partition har en partitionstyp för att indikera formatet för filsystemet på den partitionen. Filsystemet gör det möjligt för Linux att organisera, söka och hämta filer lagrade på den partitionen. Använd filsystemet ext3 för datapartitioner som inte är del av LVM, såvida du inte har specifika behov som kräver en annan typ av filsystem.

9.2.2. Minsta partitionsstorlekar

The following table summarizes minimum partition sizes for the partitions containing the listed directories. You do not have to make a separate partition for each of these directories. For instance, if the partition containing /foo must be at least 500 MB, and you do not make a separate /foo partition, then the / (root) partition must be at least 500 MB.

KatalogMinsta storlek
/250 MB
/usr250 MB
/tmp50 MB
/var384 MB
/home100 MB
/boot75 MB