Note di rilascio per Fedora Core 5

This release is the culmination of nine months of development, and includes significant new versions of many key products and technologies. The following sections provide a brief overview of major changes from the last release of Fedora Core.

The proposed plans for the next release of Fedora are available at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/RoadMap.

Questa sezione copre ogni informazione specifica che potresti aver bisogno di conoscere, su Fedora Core e la piattaforma hardware PPC.

Questa sezione copre ogni informazione specifica che potresti aver bisogno di conoscere, su Fedora Core e la piattaforma hardware x86.

Questa sezione copre ogni informazione specifica che potresti aver bisogno di conoscere, su Fedora Core e la piattaforma hardware x86_64.

su -c 'yum install yum-utils' 

rpm -qa --queryformat "%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n"  

The hotplug and device handling subsystem has undergone significant changes in Fedora Core 5. The udev method now handles all module loading, both on system boot and for hotplugged devices. The hotplug package has been removed, as it is no longer needed.

Support for hotplug helpers via the /etc/hotplug, /etc/hotplug.d, and /etc/dev.d directories is deprecated, and may be removed in a future Fedora Core release. These helpers should be converted to udev rules. Please see http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html for examples.

The system-config-mouse configuration utility has been dropped in this release because synaptic and three-button mouse configuration is handled automatically. Serial mice are no longer supported.

Fedora systems use NetworkManager to automatically detect, select, and configure wired and wireless network connections. Wireless network devices may require third-party software or manual configuration to activate after the installation process completes. For this reason, Fedora Core 5 provides NetworkManager as an optional component.

Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Tools/NetworkManager for more information on how to install and enable NetworkManager.

Fedora Core 5 includes a new version of the dovecot IMAP server software, which has has many changes in its configuration file. These changes are of particular importance to users upgrading from a previous release. Refer to http://wiki.dovecot.org/UpgradingDovecot for more information on the changes.

The kudzu utility, libkudzu library, and /etc/sysconfig/hwconf hardware listing are all deprecated, and will be removed in a future release of Fedora Core. Applications which need to probe for available hardware should be ported to use the HAL library. More information on HAL is available at http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/hal.

The fstab-sync facility has been removed. In Fedora Core , the fstab-sync program is removed in favor of desktop specific solutions for mounting removable media. Entries for hotplug devices or inserted media are no longer automatically added to the /etc/fstab file. Command-line users may migrate to gnome-mount, which provides similar functionality.

The PostgreSQL backend for GnuCash has been removed, as it is unmaintained upstream, does not support the full set of GnuCash features, and can lead to crashes. Users who use the PostgreSQL backend should load their data and save it as an XML file before upgrading GnuCash.

The Mozilla application suite is deprecated. It is shipped in Fedora Core 5 and applications can expect to build against mozilla-devel, however it will be removed in a future release of Fedora Core.

The libstdc++so7 package has been added. This package contains a preview of the GNU Standard C++ Library from libstdcxx_so_7-branch. It is considered experimental and unsupported. Do not build any production software against it, as its ABI and so-version will change in future upgrades. To build software using this library, invoke g++-libstdc++so_7 instead of g++.

The LinuxThreads library is no longer available. LinuxThreads was deprecated in Fedora Core 4 and is no longer available in this release. The Native POSIX Threading Library (NPTL), which has been the default threading library since Red Hat Linux 9, has replaced LinuxThreads completely.

Questa distribuzione è basata sulla serie 2.6 del kernel di Linux. Fedora Core può includere patches aggiuntive per miglioramenti, correzione di errori, o caratteristiche aggiuntive. Per questa ragione, il kernel di Fedora Core potrebbe non essere linea-per-linea equivalente al cosidetto vanilla kernel proveniente dal sito web di kernel.org:

http://www.kernel.org/

To obtain a list of these patches, download the source RPM package and run the following command against it:

rpm -qpl kernel-<version>.src.rpm

To retrieve a log of changes to the package, run the following command:

rpm -q --changelog kernel-<version>

If you need a user friendly version of the changelog, refer to http://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges. A short and full diff of the kernel is available from http://kernel.org/git. The Fedora version kernel is based on the Linus tree.

Customizations made for the Fedora version are available from http://cvs.fedora.redhat.com .

Fedora Core 5 includes the following kernel builds:

You may install sources for all kernel flavors at the same time. The files are installed in the /usr/src/kernels/<version>-[xen0|xenU|kdump]-<arch>/ tree. Use the following command:

su -c 'yum install kernel-{xen0,xenU,kdump}-devel'

Select one or more of these flavors, separated by commas and no spaces, as appropriate. Enter the root password when prompted.

	x86_64 Default Kernel Provides SMP
	There is no separate SMP kernel available for the x86_64 architecture in Fedora Core 5.

	PowerPC Kernel Support
	There is no support for Xen or kdump for the PowerPC architecture in Fedora Core 5.

Refer to http://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/reporting-bugs.html for information on reporting bugs in the Linux kernel. You may also use http://bugzilla.redhat.com for reporting bugs which are specific to Fedora.

Many of the tutorials, examples, and textbooks about Linux kernel development assume the kernel sources are installed under the /usr/src/linux/ directory. If you make a symbolic link, as shown below, you should be able to use those learning materials with the Fedora Core packages. Install the appropriate kernel sources, as shown earlier, and then run the following command:

su -c 'ln -s /usr/src/kernels/kernel-<all-the-rest> /usr/src/linux'

Enter the root password when prompted.

Fedora Core 5 does not include the kernel-source package provided by older versions. Instead, configured sources are available, as described in this kernel flavors section.

	Instructions Refer to Current Kernel
	To simplify the following directions, we have assumed that you want to configure the kernel sources to match your currently-running kernel. In the steps below, the expression <version> refers to the kernel version shown by the command: uname -r.

Users who require access to Fedora Core original kernel sources can find them in the kernel .src.rpm package. To create an exploded source tree from this file, perform the following steps:

	Do Not Build Packages as Super-user
	Building packages as the superuser is inherently dangerous and is not required, even for the kernel. These instructions allow you to install the kernel source as a normal user. Many general information sites refer to /usr/src/linux in their kernel instructions. If you use these instructions, simply substitute ~/rpmbuild/BUILD/kernel-<version>/linux-<version>.

An exploded source tree is not required to build a kernel module, such as your own device driver, against the currently in-use kernel. For example, to build the foo.ko module, create the following Makefile in the directory containing the foo.c file:

obj-m := foo.o

KDIR  := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD   := $(shell pwd)

default:
    $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
      

Issue the make command to build the foo.ko module.

Fedora Core 5 has support for clustered storage through the Global File System (GFS). GFS requires special kernel modules that work in conjunction with some user-space utilities, such as management daemons. To remove such a kernel, perhaps after an update, use the su -c 'yum remove kernel-<version>' command instead. The yum command automatically removes dependent packages, if necessary.

	PowerPC does not support GFS
	The GFS kernel modules are not built for the PowerPC architecture in Fedora Core 5.

This section refers to file transfer and sharing servers. Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/WebServers and http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Docs/Beats/Samba for information on HTTP (Web) file transfer and Samba (Windows) file sharing services.

Fedora includes version 2 of Netatalk, a suite of software that enables Linux to interact with Macintosh systems using the AppleTalk network protocols.

	Use Caution When Upgrading
	You may experience data loss when upgrading from Netatalk version 1 to version 2.

Version 2 of Netatalk stores file resource forks using a different method from the previous version, and may require a different file name encoding scheme. Please read the documentation and plan your migration before upgrading. Refer to the upgrade information available directly from the Netatalk site at http://netatalk.sourceforge.net/2.0/htmldocs/upgrade.html.

The documentation is also included in the netatalk package. Refer to either /usr/share/doc/netatalk-2.0.2/doc/htmldocs/upgrade.html or /usr/share/doc/netatalk-2.0.2/doc/Netatalk-Manual.pdf (numbered page 25, document page 33).

Fedora Core now includes version 2.2 of the Apache HTTP Server. This release brings a number of improvements over the 2.0 series, including:

The following changes have been made to the default httpd configuration:

For more information on upgrading existing installations, refer to http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/upgrading.html.

La versione 5.1 di PHP è ora inclusa in Fedora Core. Questa versione porta un certo numero di migliorie rispetto a PHP 5.0, incluse:

Sono stati aggiunti i seguenti moduli di estensione:

I seguenti moduli di estensione non sono più compilati:

The PEAR framework is now packaged in the php-pear package. Only the following PEAR components are included in Fedora Core:

Additional components may be packaged in Fedora Extras.

This release of Fedora has been built with GCC 4.1 as the system compiler, which is included with the distribution.

The new SELinux project pages have troubleshooting tips, explanations, and pointers to documentation and references. Some useful links include the following:

In addition to the java-gcj-compat free software stack, Fedora Core is designed to let you install multiple Java implementations and switch between them using the alternatives command line tool. However, every Java system you install must be packaged using the JPackage Project packaging guidelines to take advantage of alternatives.

Once installed properly, the root user should be able to switch between java and javac implementations using the alternatives command:

alternatives --config java alternatives --config javac

Fedora Core includes many packages derived from the JPackage Project, which provides a Java software repository. These packages have been modified in Fedora to remove proprietary software dependencies and to make use of GCJ's ahead-of-time compilation feature. Fedora users should use the Fedora repositories for updates to these packages, and may use the JPackage repository for packages not provided by Fedora.

Refer to the JPackage website at http://jpackage.org for more information on the project and the software that it provides.

	Mixing Packages from Fedora and JPackage
	Research package compatibility before you install software from both the Fedora and JPackage repositories on the same system. Incompatible packages may cause complex issues.

The default installation of Fedora Core includes Rhythmbox, Totem, and Helix Player for media playback. Many other programs are available in the Fedora Core and Fedora Extras repositories, including the popular XMMS package. Both GNOME and KDE have a selection of players that can be used with a variety of formats. Additional programs are available from third parties to handle other formats.

Fedora Core also takes full advantage of the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) sound system. Many programs can play sound simultaneously, which was once difficult on Linux systems. When all multimedia software is configured to use ALSA for sound support, this limitation disappears. For more information about ALSA, visit the project website at http://www.alsa-project.org/.

Fedora includes complete support for the Ogg media container format, and the Vorbis audio, Theora video, Speex audio, and FLAC lossless audio formats. These freely-distributable formats are not encumbered by patent or license restrictions. They provide powerful and flexible alternatives to more popular, restricted formats. The Fedora Project encourages the use of open source formats in place of restricted ones. For more information on these formats and how to use them, refer to the Xiph.Org Foundation's web site at http://www.xiph.org/.

Fedora Core and Fedora Extras cannot include support for MP3 or DVD playback or recording, because the MP3 and MPEG (DVD) formats are patented, and the patent owners have not provided the necessary licenses. Fedora also excludes several multimedia application programs due to patent or license restrictions, such as Flash Player and Real Player. For more on this subject, please refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ForbiddenItems.

Fedora Core and Extras include a variety of tools for easily mastering and burning CDs and DVDs. GNOME users can burn directly from the Nautilus file manager, or choose the gnomebaker or graveman packages from Fedora Extras, or the older xcdroast package from Fedora Core. KDE users can use the robust k3b package for these tasks. Console tools include cdrecord, readcd, mkisofs, and other typical Linux applications.

You can use Fedora to create and play back screencasts, which are recorded desktop sessions, using open technologies. Fedora Extras 5 includes istanbul, which creates screencasts using the Theora video format. These videos can be played back using one of several players included in Fedora Core. This is the preferred way to submit screencasts to the Fedora Project for either developer or end-user use. For a more comprehensive how-to, refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ScreenCasting.

Most of the media players in Fedora Core and Fedora Extras support the use of plugins to add support for additional media formats and sound output systems. Some use powerful backends, like gstreamer, to handle media format support and sound output. Plugin packages for these backends and for individual applications are available in Fedora Core and Fedora Extras, and additional plugins may be available from third parties to add even greater capabilities.

Refer to http://wiki.kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges for a list of major changes. Some of them are highlighted below.

19.1.4. Pluggable Congestion Control Algorithm Infrastructure

TCP congestion control algorithms are now pluggable and thus modular. The legacy NewReno algorithm remains the default, and acts as the fallback algorithm. The following new congestion control algorithms have been added:

• High Speed TCP congestion control

• TCP Hybla congestion avoidance

• H-TCP congestion control

• Scalable TCP congestion control

All existing congestion control modules have been converted to this new infrastructure, and the BIC congestion control has received enhancements from BICTCP 1.1 to handle low latency links.

	Cose pertinenti l'algoritmo di controllo di congestione
	The congestion control algorithm is socket specific, and may be changed via the socket option TCP_CONGESTION.

The IPv4 address deletion algorithm did not take the prefix length into account up to kernel version 2.6.12. Since this has changed, the iproute2 tool now issues a warning if no prefix length is provided, to warn about possible unintended deletions:

ip addr list dev eth0 
4: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    inet 10.0.0.3/24 scope global eth0
	

su -c 'ip addr del 10.0.0.3 dev eth0' 
Warning: Executing wildcard deletion to stay compatible with old
      scripts. Explicitly specify the prefix length (10.0.0.3/32) to
      avoid this warning. This special behaviour is likely to disappear
      in further releases, fix your scripts!
      

Il metodo corretto di cancellare l'indirizzo evitando l'avvertimento è:

su -c 'ip addr del 10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0'

Previously, it was not possible to tell if an interface was down administratively or because no carrier was found, such as if a cable were unplugged. The new flag NO-CARRIER now appears as a link flag if the link is administratively up but no carrier can be found.

The ip command now supports a batch mode via the argument -batch, which works similar to the tc command to speed up batches of tasks.

X.org X11 is an open source implementation of the X Window System. It provides the basic low-level functionality upon which full-fledged graphical user interfaces (GUIs) such as GNOME and KDE are designed. For more information about X.org, refer to http://xorg.freedesktop.org/wiki/.

You may use Applications > System Settings > Display or system-config-display to configure the settings. The configuration file for X.org is located in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

X.org X11R7 is the first modular release of X.org, which, among several other benefits, promotes faster updates and helps programmers rapidly develop and release specific components. More information on the current status of the X.org modularization effort in Fedora is available at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Xorg/Modularization.

	Installing Third Party Drivers
	Before you install any third party drivers from any vendor, including ATI or nVidia, please read http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Xorg/3rdPartyVideoDrivers.

The xorg-x11-server-Xorg package install scripts automatically remove the RgbPath line from the xorg.conf file if it is present. You may need to reconfigure your keyboard differently from what you are used to. You are encouraged to subscribe to the upstream xorg@freedesktop.org mailing list if you do need assistance reconfiguring your keyboard.

The following list includes some of the more visible changes for developers in X11R7:

This section includes a summary of issues of note for developers and packagers, and suggestions on how to fix them where possible.

Fedora now provides MySQL 5.0. For a list of the enhancements provided by this version, refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/mysql-5-0-nutshell.html.

For more information on upgrading databases from previous releases of MySQL, refer to the MySQL web site at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/upgrade.html.

This release of Fedora includes PostgreSQL 8.1. For more information on this new version, refer to http://www.postgresql.org/docs/whatsnew/.

	Database Upgrade Across Fedora Core Versions
	Fedora Core 4 provided version 8.0 of PostgreSQL. If you upgrade an existing Fedora system with a PostgreSQL database, you must upgrade the database to access the data.

To upgrade a database from a previous version of PostgreSQL, follow the procedure described at http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/interactive/install-upgrading.html.

SCIM (Simple Common Input Method) has replaced IIIMF as the input method system for Asian and other languages in Fedora Core in this release. SCIM uses Ctrl-Space as the default trigger key to toggle on and off the input method, though it is easy to change the hotkey or add hotkeys with the SCIM setup configuration tool. When scim-anthy is active Japanese users can now use the Zenkaku_Hankaku key to toggle between Japanese and ASCII input.

su -c 'yum install <SCIM-IMEs>' 

mkdir ~/.xinput.d 
ln -s /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/scim ~/.xinput.d/default