DNF
DNF is the The Fedora Project package manager that is able to query for information about packages, fetch packages from repositories, install and uninstall packages using automatic dependency resolution, and update an entire system to the latest available packages. DNF performs automatic dependency resolution on packages you are updating, installing or removing, and thus is able to automatically determine, fetch and install all available dependent packages. DNF can be configured with new, additional repositories, or package sources, and also provides many plug-ins which enhance and extend its capabilities. DNF is able to perform many of the same tasks that RPM can; additionally, many of the command line options are similar. DNF enables easy and simple package management on a single machine or on groups of them.
Secure package management with GPG-signed packages
DNF provides secure package management by enabling GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard; also known as GnuPG) signature verification on GPG-signed packages to be turned on for all package repositories (package sources), or for individual repositories. When signature verification is enabled, DNF will refuse to install any packages not GPG-signed with the correct key for that repository. This means that you can trust that the RPM packages you download and install on your system are from a trusted source, such as The Fedora Project, and were not modified during transfer. See Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories for details on enabling signature-checking with DNF, or Checking Package Signatures for information on working with and verifying GPG-signed RPM packages in general. |
DNF also enables you to easily set up your own repositories of RPM packages for download and installation on other machines.
Learning DNF is a worthwhile investment because it is often the fastest way to perform system administration tasks, and it provides capabilities beyond those provided by the PackageKit graphical package management tools.
DNF and superuser privileges
You must have superuser privileges in order to use the dnf command to install, update or remove packages on your system. All examples in this chapter assume that you have already obtained superuser privileges by using either the su or sudo command. |
Checking For and Updating Packages
Checking For Updates
The quickest way to check for updates is to attempt to install any available updates by using the dnf upgrade command as follows:
~]# dnf upgrade Last metadata expiration check performed 1:24:32 ago on Thu May 14 23:23:51 2015. Dependencies resolved. Nothing to do. Complete!
Note that dnf upgrade installs only those updates that can be installed. If a package cannot be updated, because of dependency problems for example, it is skipped.
The dnf check-update command can be used see which installed packages on your system have new versions available, however it does not mean that they can be successfully installed. This command is therefore mostly useful in scripts and for checking for updated packages that were not installed after running dnf upgrade.
For example:
~]# dnf check-update Using metadata from Mon Apr 20 16:34:10 2015 (2:42:10 hours old) python.x86_64 2.7.9-6.fc22 updates python-cryptography.x86_64 0.8.2-1.fc22 updates python-libs.x86_64 2.7.9-6.fc22 updates
The packages in the above output are listed as having updated versions. The line in the example output tells us:
-
python
— the name of the package, -
x86_64
— the CPU architecture the package was built for, -
2.7.9
— the version of the updated package, -
6.fc22
— the release of the updated package, -
updates-testing
— the repository in which the updated package is located.
Updating Packages
You can choose to update a single package, multiple packages, or all packages at once. If any dependencies of the package, or packages, you update have updates available themselves, then they are updated too.
To update a single package, run the following command as root
:
dnf upgrade package_name
For example, to update the python package, type:
~]# dnf upgrade python Using metadata from Mon Apr 20 16:38:16 2015 (2:42:14 hours old) Dependencies resolved. ================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================== Upgrading: python x86_64 2.7.9-6.fc22 updates 92 k python-libs x86_64 2.7.9-6.fc22 updates 5.8 M Transaction Summary ================================================================== Upgrade 2 Packages Total download size: 5.9 M Is this ok [y/N]:
This output contains:
-
python.x86_64
— you can download and install new python package. -
python-libs.x86_64
— DNF has resolved that the python-libs-2.7.9-6.fc22.x86_64 package is a required dependency of the python package. -
DNF presents the update information and then prompts you as to whether you want it to perform the update; DNF runs interactively by default. If you already know which transactions DNF plans to perform, you can use the
-y
option to automatically answer yes to any questions DNF may ask (in which case it runs non-interactively). However, you should always examine which changes DNF plans to make to the system so that you can easily troubleshoot any problems that might arise.If a transaction does go awry, you can view DNF’s transaction history by using the dnf history command as described in Working with Transaction History.
Updating and installing kernels with DNF
DNF always installs a new kernel in the same sense that RPM installs a new kernel when you use the command rpm -i kernel. Therefore, you do not need to worry about the distinction between installing and upgrading a kernel package when you use the dnf command: it will do the right thing, regardless of whether you are using the dnf upgrade or dnf install command. When using RPM, on the other hand, it is important to use the rpm -i kernel command (which installs a new kernel) instead of rpm -u kernel (which replaces the current kernel). See Installing and Upgrading Packages for more information on installing and updating kernels with RPM. |
To update all packages and their dependencies, enter dnf upgrade without any arguments:
dnf upgrade
Preserving Configuration File Changes
You will inevitably make changes to the configuration files installed by packages as you use your Fedora system. RPM, which DNF uses to perform changes to the system, provides a mechanism for ensuring their integrity. See Installing and Upgrading Packages for details on how to manage changes to configuration files across package upgrades.
Packages and Package Groups
Searching Packages
You can search all RPM package names and summaries by using the following command:
dnf search
term…
Add the all
to match against descriptions and URLs.
dnf search all
term…
This command displays the list of matches for each term. For example, to list all packages that match "meld" or "kompare", type:
~]# dnf search meld kompare Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit ============================ N/S Matched: meld =============================== meld.noarch : Visual diff and merge tool python-meld3.x86_64 : HTML/XML templating system for Python =========================== N/S Matched: kompare ============================= komparator.x86_64 : Kompare and merge two folders Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
Listing Packages
dnf list and related commands provide information about packages, package groups, and repositories.
All of DNF’s list commands allow you to filter the results by appending one or more glob expressions as arguments. Glob expressions are normal strings of characters which contain one or more of the wildcard characters * (which expands to match any character multiple times) and ? (which expands to match any one character).
Filtering results with glob expressions
Be careful to escape the glob expressions when passing them as arguments to a dnf command, otherwise the Bash shell will interpret these expressions as pathname expansions, and potentially pass all files in the current directory that match the globs to DNF. To make sure the glob expressions are passed to DNF as intended, either:
DNF searches only package names when using glob expressions. To search for a version of a package, include a dash and part of the version number as follows: ~]# dnf list kernel*-4* Last metadata expiration check performed 2:46:09 ago on Thu May 14 23:23:51 2015. Installed Packages kernel.x86_64 4.0.0-1.fc22 @System kernel.x86_64 4.0.2-300.fc22 @System kernel-core.x86_64 4.0.0-1.fc22 @System kernel-core.x86_64 4.0.2-300.fc22 @System [output truncated] See Listing all ABRT addons and plug-ins using glob expressions and Listing available packages using a single glob expression with escaped wildcard characters for an example usage of both these methods. |
- dnf list glob_expression…
-
Lists information on installed and available packages matching all glob expressions.
Příklad 1. Listing all ABRT addons and plug-ins using glob expressionsPackages with various ABRT addons and plug-ins either begin with "abrt-addon-", or "abrt-plugin-". To list these packages, type the following at a shell prompt:
~]# dnf list abrt-addon\* abrt-plugin\* Last metadata expiration check performed 0:14:36 ago on Mon May 25 23:38:13 2015. Installed Packages abrt-addon-ccpp.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System abrt-addon-coredump-helper.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System abrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System abrt-addon-pstoreoops.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System abrt-addon-python.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System abrt-addon-python3.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System abrt-addon-vmcore.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System abrt-addon-xorg.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System abrt-plugin-bodhi.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System Available Packages abrt-addon-upload-watch.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 fedora
- dnf list all
-
Lists all installed and available packages.
Příklad 2. Listing all installed and available packages~]# dnf list all Last metadata expiration check performed 0:21:11 ago on Mon May 25 23:38:13 2015. Installed Packages NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.0.2-1.fc22 @System NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.0.2-1.fc22 @System PackageKit.x86_64 1.0.6-4.fc22 @System PackageKit-glib.x86_64 1.0.6-4.fc22 @System aajohan-comfortaa-fonts.noarch 2.004-4.fc22 @System abrt.x86_64 2.5.1-2.fc22 @System [output truncated]
- dnf list installed
-
Lists all packages installed on your system. The rightmost column in the output lists the repository from which the package was retrieved.
Příklad 3. Listing installed packages using a double-quoted glob expressionTo list all installed packages that begin with "krb" followed by exactly one character and a hyphen, type:
~]# dnf list installed "krb?-*" Last metadata expiration check performed 0:34:45 ago on Mon May 25 23:38:13 2015. Installed Packages krb5-libs.x86_64 1.13.1-3.fc22 @System krb5-workstation.x86_64 1.13.1-3.fc22 @System
- dnf list available
-
Lists all available packages in all enabled repositories.
Příklad 4. Listing available packages using a single glob expression with escaped wildcard charactersTo list all available packages with names that contain "gstreamer" and then "plugin", run the following command:
~]# dnf list available gstreamer\*plugin\* Last metadata expiration check performed 0:42:15 ago on Mon May 25 23:38:13 2015. Available Packages gstreamer-plugin-crystalhd.i686 3.10.0-8.fc22 fedora gstreamer-plugin-crystalhd.x86_64 3.10.0-8.fc22 fedora gstreamer-plugins-bad-free.i686 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora gstreamer-plugins-bad-free.x86_64 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora gstreamer-plugins-bad-free-devel.i686 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora gstreamer-plugins-bad-free-devel.x86_64 0.10.23-24.fc22 fedora [output truncated]
- dnf group list
-
Lists all package groups.
Příklad 5. Listing all package groups~]# dnf group list Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit Setting up Group Process Installed Groups: Administration Tools Design Suite Dial-up Networking Support Fonts GNOME Desktop Environment [output truncated]
- dnf repolist
-
Lists the repository ID, name, and number of packages it provides for each enabled repository.
Příklad 6. Listing enabled repositories~]# dnf repolist Last metadata expiration check performed 0:48:29 ago on Mon May 25 23:38:13 2015. repo id repo name status *fedora Fedora 22 - x86_64 44,762 *updates Fedora 22 - x86_64 - Updates 0
- dnf repository-packages repo_id list
-
Lists the packages from the specified repository.
Příklad 7. Listing packages from a single repository~]# dnf repository-packages fedora list [option] Last metadata expiration check performed 1:38:25 ago on Wed May 20 22:16:16 2015. Installed Packages PackageKit.x86_64 1.0.6-3.fc22 @System PackageKit-glib.x86_64 1.0.6-3.fc22 @System aajohan-comfortaa-fonts.noarch 2.004-4.fc22 @System [output truncated]
The default action is to list all packages available and installed from the repository specified. Add the
available
orinstalled
option to list only those packages available or installed from the specified repository.
Displaying Package Information
To display information about one or more packages, use a command as follows:
dnf info package_name…
For example, to display information about the abrt package, type:
~]# dnf info abrt Last metadata expiration check: 1:09:44 ago on Tue May 31 06:51:51 2016. Installed Packages Name : abrt Arch : x86_64 Epoch : 0 Version : 2.8.1 Release : 1.fc24 Size : 2.2 M Repo : @System From repo : updates-testing Summary : Automatic bug detection and reporting tool URL : https://abrt.readthedocs.org/ License : GPLv2+ Description : abrt is a tool to help users to detect defects in applications and : to create a bug report with all information needed by maintainer to fix it. : It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.
The dnf info package_name command is similar to the rpm -q --info package_name command, but provides as additional information the name of the DNF repository the RPM package was installed from (look for the From repo:
line in the output). The dnf info command shows only the newest available package if there is a newer version available than the one installed. The dnf repoquery command can show all installed and available packages.
To display information about all available packages, both installed and available from a repository, use a command as follows:
dnf repoquery package_name --info
For example, to display information about the abrt package, type:
~]# dnf repoquery abrt --info Last metadata expiration check: 1:01:44 ago on Tue May 31 06:51:51 2016. Name : abrt Version : 2.8.1 Release : 1.fc24 Architecture: x86_64 Size : 2318452 License : GPLv2+ Source RPM : abrt-2.8.1-1.fc24.src.rpm Build Date : 2016-05-25 08:54 Packager : Fedora Project URL : https://abrt.readthedocs.org/ Summary : Automatic bug detection and reporting tool Description : abrt is a tool to help users to detect defects in applications and to create a bug report with all information needed by maintainer to fix it. It uses plugin system to extend its functionality.
See the dnf repoquery usage statement for more options:
~]$ dnf repoquery -h
usage: dnf [options] COMMAND
output truncated
Installing Packages
DNF allows you to install both a single package and multiple packages, as well as a package group of your choice.
To install a single package and all of its non-installed dependencies, enter a command in the following form:
dnf install package_name
You can also install multiple packages simultaneously by appending their names as arguments:
dnf install package_name package_name…
If you are installing packages on a multilib system, such as an AMD64 or Intel64 machine, you can specify the architecture of the package, as long as it is available in an enabled repository, by appending .arch to the package name. For example, to install the sqlite2 package for i586
, type:
~]# dnf install sqlite2.i586
You can use glob expressions to quickly install multiple similarly-named packages:
~]# dnf install audacious-plugins-\*
In addition to package names and glob expressions, you can also provide file names to dnf install. If you know the name of the binary you want to install, but not its package name, you can give dnf install the path name:
~]# dnf install /usr/sbin/named
dnf then searches through its package lists, finds the package which provides /usr/sbin/named
, if any, and prompts you as to whether you want to install it.
Finding which package owns a file
If you know you want to install the package that contains the ~]# dnf provides "*bin/named" Using metadata from Thu Apr 16 13:41:45 2015 (4:23:50 hours old) bind-32:9.10.2-1.fc22.x86_64 : The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) DNS (Domain Name System) server Repo : @System dnf provides "*/file_name" will find all the packages that contain file_name. |
A package group is similar to a package: it is not useful by itself, but installing one pulls a group of dependent packages that serve a common purpose. A package group has a name and a groupid (GID). The dnf group list -v command lists the names of all package groups, and, next to each of them, their groupid in parentheses. The groupid is always the term in the last pair of parentheses, such as kde-desktop-environment
in the following example:
~]# dnf -v group list kde\* cachedir: /var/cache/dnf/x86_64/22 Loaded plugins: builddep, config-manager, copr, playground, debuginfo-install, download, generate_completion_cache, kickstart, needs-restarting, noroot, protected_packages, Query, reposync, langpacks initialized Langpacks plugin DNF version: 0.6.5 repo: using cache for: fedora not found deltainfo for: Fedora 22 - x86_64 not found updateinfo for: Fedora 22 - x86_64 repo: using cache for: updates-testing repo: using cache for: updates not found updateinfo for: Fedora 22 - x86_64 - Updates Using metadata from Thu Apr 16 13:41:45 2015 (4:37:51 hours old) Available environment groups: KDE Plasma Workspaces (kde-desktop-environment)
You can install a package group by passing its full group name (without the groupid part) to group install:
dnf group install group_name
Multi-word names must be quoted.
You can also install by groupid:
dnf group install
groupid
You can even pass the groupid, or quoted name, to the install command if you prepend it with an @-symbol (which tells dnf that you want to perform a group install):
dnf install
@group
For example, the following are alternative but equivalent ways of installing the KDE Plasma Workspaces
group:
~]# dnf group install "KDE Plasma Workspaces" ~]# dnf group install kde-desktop-environment ~]# dnf install @kde-desktop-environment
Removing Packages
Similarly to package installation, DNF allows you to uninstall (remove in RPM and DNF terminology) both individual packages and a package group.
To uninstall a particular package, as well as any packages that depend on it, run the following command as root
:
dnf remove package_name…
As when you install multiple packages, you can remove several at once by adding more package names to the command. For example, to remove totem, rhythmbox, and sound-juicer, type the following at a shell prompt:
~]# dnf remove totem rhythmbox sound-juicer
Similar to install, remove can take these arguments:
-
package names
-
glob expressions
-
file lists
-
package provides
Removing a package when other packages depend on it
DNF is not able to remove a package without also removing packages which depend on it. This type of operation can only be performed by RPM, is not advised, and can potentially leave your system in a non-functioning state or cause applications to misbehave and terminate unexpectedly. For further information, refer to Uninstalling Packages in the RPM chapter. |
You can remove a package group using syntax congruent with the install syntax:
dnf group remove
group
dnf remove
@group
The following are alternative but equivalent ways of removing the KDE Plasma Workspaces
group:
~]# dnf group remove "KDE Plasma Workspaces" ~]# dnf group remove kde-desktop-environment ~]# dnf remove @kde-desktop-environment
Working with Transaction History
The dnf history command allows users to review information about a timeline of DNF transactions, the dates and times on when they occurred, the number of packages affected, whether transactions succeeded or were aborted, and if the RPM database was changed between transactions. Additionally, this command can be used to undo or redo certain transactions.
To display a list of all transactions, as root
, either run dnf history with no additional arguments, or enter the following command:
dnfhistory
list
To display only transactions in a given range, use the command in the following form:
dnf history list start_id..end_id
You can also list only transactions regarding a particular package or packages. To do so, use the command with a package name or a glob expression:
dnf history list glob_expression…
For example, the list of first five transactions may look as follows:
~]# dnf history list 1..4 Using metadata from Thu Apr 16 13:41:45 2015 (5:47:31 hours old) ID | Login user | Date a | Action | Altere ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 | root <root> | 2015-04-16 18:35 | Erase | 1 3 | root <root> | 2015-04-16 18:34 | Install | 1 2 | root <root> | 2015-04-16 17:53 | Install | 1 1 | System <unset> | 2015-04-16 14:14 | Install | 668 E
The dnf history list command produces tabular output with each row consisting of the following columns:
-
ID
— an integer value that identifies a particular transaction. -
Login user
— the name of the user whose login session was used to initiate a transaction. This information is typically presented in theFull Name <username>
form, however sometimes the command used to perform the transaction is displayed. For transactions that were not issued by a user (such as an automatic system update),System <unset>
is used instead. -
Date and time
— the date and time when a transaction was issued. -
Action(s)
— a list of actions that were performed during a transaction as described in Possible values of the Action(s) field. -
Altered
— the number of packages that were affected by a transaction, possibly followed by additional information.
[options="header"] |
Action |
Abbreviation |
Description |
|
|
At least one package has been downgraded to an older version. |
|
|
At least one package has been removed. |
|
|
At least one new package has been installed. |
|
|
At least one package has been marked as obsolete. |
|
|
At least one package has been reinstalled. |
|
|
At least one package has been updated to a newer version. |
Apart from reviewing the transaction history, the dnf history command provides means to revert or repeat a selected transaction. To revert a transaction, type the following at a shell prompt as root
:
dnfhistory
undo
id
To repeat a particular transaction, as root
, run the following command:
dnfhistory
redo
id
Both commands also accept the last
keyword to undo or repeat the latest transaction.
Note that both dnf history undo and dnf history redo commands merely revert or repeat the steps that were performed during a transaction, and will fail if the required packages are not available. For example, if the transaction installed a new package, the dnf history undo command will uninstall it and also attempt to downgrade all updated packages to their previous version, but the command will fail if the required packages are not available.
Configuring DNF and DNF Repositories
The configuration file for DNF and related utilities is located at /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
. This file contains one mandatory [main]
section, which allows you to set DNF options that have global effect, and may also contain one or more [repository]
sections, which allow you to set repository-specific options. However, it is recommended to define individual repositories in new or existing .repo
files in the /etc/yum.repos.d/
directory. The values you define in individual [repository]
sections of the /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
file override values set in the [main]
section.
This section shows you how to:
-
set global DNF options by editing the
[main]
section of the/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
configuration file; -
set options for individual repositories by editing the
[repository]
sections in/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
and.repo
files in the/etc/yum.repos.d/
directory; -
use DNF variables in
/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
and files in the/etc/yum.repos.d/
directory so that dynamic version and architecture values are handled correctly; -
add, enable, and disable DNF repositories on the command line; and,
-
set up your own custom DNF repository.
Setting [main] Options
options] The /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
configuration file contains exactly one [main]
section, and while some of the key-value pairs in this section affect how dnf operates, others affect how DNF treats repositories.
You can add many additional options under the [main]
section heading in /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
.
A sample /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
configuration file can look like this:
[main] gpgcheck=1 installonly_limit=3 clean_requirements_on_remove=true
The following are the most commonly-used options in the [main]
section:
debuglevel
=value-
…where value is an integer between
0
and10
. Setting a higherdebuglevel
value causes dnf to display more detailed debugging output.debuglevel=0
disables debugging output, anddebuglevel=2
is the default. exclude
=package_name more_package_names-
This option allows you to exclude packages by keyword during installation and updates. Listing multiple packages for exclusion can be accomplished by quoting a space-delimited list of packages. Shell globs using wildcards (for example,
*
and?
) are allowed. gpgcheck
=value-
…where value is one of:
0
— Disable GPG signature-checking on packages in all repositories, including local package installation.1
— Enable GPG signature-checking on all packages in all repositories, including local package installation.gpgcheck=1
is the default, and thus all packages' signatures are checked.If this option is set in the
[main]
section of the/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
file, it sets the GPG-checking rule for all repositories. However, you can also setgpgcheck=value
for individual repositories instead; you can enable GPG-checking on one repository while disabling it on another. Settinggpgcheck=value
for an individual repository in its corresponding.repo
file overrides the default if it is present in/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
.For more information on GPG signature-checking, refer to Checking Package Signatures.
installonlypkgs
=space separated list of packages-
Here you can provide a space-separated list of packages which dnf can install, but will never update. See the dnf.conf(5) manual page for the list of packages which are install-only by default.
If you add the
installonlypkgs
directive to/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
, you should ensure that you list all of the packages that should be install-only, including any of those listed under theinstallonlypkgs
section of dnf.conf(5). In particular, kernel packages should always be listed ininstallonlypkgs
(as they are by default), andinstallonly_limit
should always be set to a value greater than2
so that a backup kernel is always available in case the default one fails to boot.
installonly_limit
=value-
…where value is an integer representing the maximum number of versions that can be installed simultaneously for any single package listed in the
installonlypkgs
directive.The defaults for the
installonlypkgs
directive include several different kernel packages, so be aware that changing the value ofinstallonly_limit
will also affect the maximum number of installed versions of any single kernel package. The default value listed in/etc/dnf/dnf.conf
isinstallonly_limit=3
, and it is not recommended to decrease this value, particularly below2
. keepcache
=value-
…where value is one of:
0
— Do not retain the cache of headers and packages after a successful installation. This is the default.1
— Retain the cache after a successful installation.
For a complete list of available [main]
options, refer to the [MAIN] OPTIONS
section of the dnf.conf(5) manual page.
Setting [repository] Options
options] The [repository]
sections, where repository is a unique repository ID such as my_personal_repo
(spaces are not permitted), allow you to define individual DNF repositories.
The following is a bare-minimum example of the form a [repository]
section takes:
[repository] name=repository_name baseurl=repository_url
Every [repository]
section must contain the following directives:
name
=repository_name-
…where repository_name is a human-readable string describing the repository.
- parameter=repository_url
-
…where parameter is one of the following:
baseurl
,metalink
, ormirrorlist
;…where repository_url is a URL to a directory containing a
repodata
directory of a repository, a metalink file, or a mirror list file.-
If the repository is available over HTTP, use:
http://path/to/repo
-
If the repository is available over FTP, use:
ftp://path/to/repo
-
If the repository is local to the machine, use:
file:///path/to/local/repo
-
If a specific online repository requires basic HTTP authentication, you can specify your user name and password by prepending it to the URL as
username:password@link
. For example, if a repository on http://www.example.com/repo/ requires a username of "user" and a password of "password", then thebaseurl
link could be specified ashttp://user:password@www.example.com/repo/
.Usually this URL is an HTTP link, such as:
baseurl=http://path/to/repo/releases/$releasever/server/$basearch/os/
Note that DNF always expands the
$releasever
,$arch
, and$basearch
variables in URLs. For more information about DNF variables, refer to Using DNF Variables.
-
To configure the default set of repositories, use the enabled
option as follows:
enabled
=value-
…where value is one of:
0
— Do not include this repository as a package source when performing updates and installs.1
— Include this repository as a package source.Turning repositories on and off can also be performed by passing either the
--set-enabled repo_name
or--set-disabled repo_name
option to the dnf command, or through theAdd/Remove Software
window of the PackageKit utility.
Many more [repository]
options exist. For a complete list, refer to the [repository] OPTIONS
section of the dnf.conf(5) manual page.
Using DNF Variables
Variables can be used only in the appropriate sections of the DNF configuration files, namely the /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
file and all .repo
files in the /etc/yum.repos.d/
directory. Repository variables include:
$releasever
-
Refers to the release version of operating system which DNF derives from information available in RPMDB.
$arch
-
Refers to the system’s CPU architecture. Valid values for
$arch
include:i586
,i686
andx86_64
. $basearch
-
Refers to the base architecture of the system. For example, i686 and i586 machines both have a base architecture of
i386
, and AMD64 and Intel64 machines have a base architecture ofx86_64
.
Viewing the Current Configuration
To list all configuration options and their corresponding values, and the repositories, execute the dnf config-manager command with the --dump
option:
~]$ dnf config-manager --dump ============================= main ====================================== [main] alwaysprompt = True assumeno = False assumeyes = False bandwidth = 0 best = False bugtracker_url = https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Fedora&component=dnf cachedir = /var/cache/dnf/x86_64/22 [output truncated]
Adding, Enabling, and Disabling a DNF Repository
Setting [repository Options] describes various options you can use to define a DNF repository. This section explains how to add, enable, and disable a repository by using the dnf config-manager command.
To define a new repository, you can either add a [repository]
section to the /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
file, or to a .repo
file in the /etc/yum.repos.d/
directory. All files with the .repo
file extension in this directory are read by DNF, and it is recommended to define your repositories here instead of in /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
.
DNF repositories commonly provide their own .repo
file. To add such a repository to your system and enable it, run the following command as root
:
dnf config-manager --add-repo repository_url
…where repository_url is a link to the .repo
file.
To add a repository located at http://www.example.com/example.repo, type the following at a shell prompt:
~]# dnf config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo
To enable a particular repository or repositories, type the following at a shell prompt as root
:
dnf config-manager --set-enabled
repository…
…where repository is the unique repository ID. To display the current configuration, add the --dump
option.
To disable a DNF repository, run the following command as root
:
dnf config-manager --set-disabled
repository…
…where repository is the unique repository ID. To display the current configuration, add the --dump
option.
Additional Resources
.Installed Documentation
-
dnf(8)
— The DNF command reference manual page. -
dnf.conf(8)
— DNF Configuration Reference manual page.
- https://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html
-
The DNF wiki contains more documentation.
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