Εγκατάσταση MySQL/MariaDB

Alessio, Héctor Louzao, Ankur Sinha, Michal Schorm Version F43 Last review: 2026-03-25
MySQL is a widely used relational database management system (RDBMS). MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MySQL and is the preferred MySQL implementation in Fedora. While the two products share common origins, they have diverged over time and migrating data between them may not be trivial.

MariaDB is licensed under GPLv2. MySQL uses dual licensing: GPLv2 for the Community Edition and a proprietary license for Enterprise.

Fedora ships versioned packages for both:

  • MariaDB LTS releases, e.g. mariadb10.11, mariadb11.8

  • MySQL LTS releases, e.g. mysql8.4

One version of each in every Fedora release is set as the "distribution default", providing unversioned package names (mariadb, mariadb-server or mysql, mysql-server).

To see which versions are available in your Fedora release:

$ dnf search mariadb | grep server
$ dnf search mysql | grep server
Available versions may differ between Fedora releases. MariaDB and MySQL packages conflict because they provide similar files — you can only install one of them at a time.

Install from Fedora repositories

Εγκατάσταση του MariaDB

To install the distribution default version:

$ sudo dnf install mariadb-server

To install a specific version:

$ sudo dnf install mariadb11.8-server

Εγκατάσταση της MySQL

To install the distribution default version:

$ sudo dnf install mysql-server

To install a specific version:

$ sudo dnf install mysql8.4-server

Starting the service

For MariaDB:

$ sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb

Για τη MySQL:

$ sudo systemctl enable --now mysqld

Σύνδεση

For MariaDB, the root user connects via unix socket authentication without a password:

$ mysql -u root

For MySQL, you may need to connect with a password:

$ mysql -u root -p

Αφαίρεση

$ sudo dnf remove mariadb-server

ή:

$ sudo dnf remove mysql-server

Install from Oracle MySQL repository

Αυτή η σελίδα αφορά πηγές λογισμικού τρίτων που δεν σχετίζονται επίσημα ούτε υποστηρίζονται από το Έργο Fedora. Χρησιμοποιήστε τες κατά τη δική σας κρίση. Το Fedora συνιστά τη χρήση ελεύθερου λογισμικού και λογισμικού ανοικτού κώδικα, καθώς και την αποφυγή λογισμικού που δεσμεύεται από διπλώματα ευρεσιτεχνίας.

Oracle provides their own MySQL repository for Fedora. This is useful if you need a version not available in Fedora repositories.

Adding the Oracle MySQL repository

Download the release package from https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ and install it:

$ sudo dnf install <path-to-downloaded-rpm>
This repository is maintained by Oracle. Report issues via https://www.mysql.com/about/faq/

Εγκατάσταση και εκκίνηση της MySQL

$ sudo dnf install mysql-community-server
$ sudo systemctl enable --now mysqld

MySQL generates a temporary root password on first start. Find it with:

$ sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

Έπειτα, ασφαλίστε την εγκατάσταση:

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Answer the security questions as you prefer. Use a strong password for the MySQL root user — this is separate from your system root password.

Σύνδεση

$ mysql -u root -p

Αφαίρεση της Oracle MySQL

$ sudo dnf remove mysql-community-server mysql-community-libs mysql-community-common

Install using containers

Fedora provides container images on quay.io.

MariaDB container

$ podman pull quay.io/fedora/mariadb-118
$ podman run -d --name mariadb -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=mypassword quay.io/fedora/mariadb-118

MySQL container

$ podman pull quay.io/fedora/mysql-84
$ podman run -d --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=mypassword quay.io/fedora/mysql-84

Connecting to the database from the container

$ podman exec -it mariadb mysql -uroot -p

ή για τη MySQL:

$ podman exec -it mysql mysql -uroot -p

Managing containers

$ podman start <container-name>
$ podman stop <container-name>
$ podman restart <container-name>
$ podman rm <container-name>

For available images, see https://quay.io/organization/fedora

Using the database

Connect to the database shell:

$ mysql -u root -p
For MariaDB installed from Fedora repositories, the root user connects via unix socket authentication without a password: mysql -u root

Check the running version:

SELECT version();

Create a database and user:

CREATE DATABASE mydb;
CREATE USER 'myuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mydb.* TO 'myuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

List available databases:

SHOW DATABASES;

Data location

The database files are stored in /var/lib/mysql.

Allowing remote access

Open the firewall port

$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=mysql
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload

or using the port number directly:

$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Configure bind address

Edit the configuration to allow connections from other hosts.

Configuration file locations:

  • MariaDB: /etc/my.cnf and /etc/my.cnf.d/

  • MySQL: /etc/my.cnf and /etc/my.cnf.d/

You can find the configuration files for any package with rpm -qc <package-name>.

Set the bind address to accept connections from all interfaces:

[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0

Then restart the service:

$ sudo systemctl restart mariadb

ή για τη MySQL:

$ sudo systemctl restart mysqld

Create a remote user

CREATE USER 'myuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'strong_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mydb.* TO 'myuser'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Replace % with a specific IP address or subnet (e.g. 192.168.1.%) to restrict access to specific hosts.

Connect remotely

$ mysql -u myuser -h <server-ip> -p

Επίλυση προβλημάτων

Check installed version

$ dnf list installed | grep -i -e maria -e mysql

Check active configuration

For MariaDB:

$ mariadbd --print-defaults

Για τη MySQL:

$ mysqld --print-defaults

Error logs

If the service fails to start, check the journal:

$ journalctl -xe -u mariadb

ή για τη MySQL:

$ journalctl -xe -u mysqld

Log files may also be found at:

  • MariaDB: /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log

  • MySQL: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log

Socket errors

If you see an error like:

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)

This usually means the service is not running. Try starting it:

$ sudo systemctl start mariadb

If the service is running but the socket file is missing, check the configured socket path:

$ mysql --help | grep socket

Verify the socket file exists:

$ ls -la /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

If the file does not exist, ensure the data directory has correct ownership and permissions:

$ sudo chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
$ sudo chmod 755 /var/lib/mysql

Then restart the service:

$ sudo systemctl restart mariadb

If the problem persists, review the error logs for more details.

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