Installazione con Anaconda
Questo capitolo fornisce istruzioni passo-passo per l’installazione di Fedora utilizzando l’installer Anaconda. La maggior parte di questo capitolo descrive l’installazione tramite l’interfaccia grafica. È disponibile anche una modalità testuale per i sistemi senza display grafico, ma questa modalità è limitata in alcuni aspetti (ad esempio, il partizionamento personalizzato non è possibile in modalità testuale).
If your system does not have the ability to use the graphical mode, you can:
-
Use Kickstart to automate the installation as described in Automating the Installation with Kickstart
-
Esegui l’installazione grafica da remoto collegandoti al sistema di installazione da un altro computer con display grafico utilizzando il protocollo VNC (Virtual Network Computing) - vedi Installazione tramite VNC
Introduzione ad Anaconda
The Fedora installer, Anaconda, is different from most other operating system installation programs due to its parallel nature. Most installers follow a fixed path: you must choose your language first, then you configure network, then installation type, then partitioning, etc. There is usually only one way to proceed at any given time.
In Anaconda you are only required to select your language and locale first, and then you are presented with a central screen, where you can configure most aspects of the installation in any order you like. This does not apply to all parts of the installation process, however - for example, when installing from a network location, you must configure the network before you can select which packages to install.
Some screens will be automatically configured depending on your hardware and the type of media you used to start the installation. You can still change the detected settings in any screen. Screens which have not been automatically configured, and therefore require your attention before you begin the installation, are marked by an exclamation mark. You can not start the actual installation process before you finish configuring these settings.
Additional differences appear in certain screens; notably the custom partitioning process is very different from other Linux distributions. These differences are described in each screen’s subsection.
Consoles and Logging During the Installation
The following sections describe how to access logs and an interactive shell during the installation. This is useful when troubleshooting problems, but should not be necessary in most cases.
Accessing Consoles
The Fedora installer uses the tmux terminal multiplexer to display and control several windows you can use in addition to the main interface. Each of these windows serves a different purpose - they display several different logs, which can be used to troubleshoot any issues during the installation, and one of the windows provides an interactive shell prompt with root
privileges, unless this prompt was specifically disabled using a boot option or a Kickstart command.
In general, there is no reason to leave the default graphical installation environment unless you need to diagnose an installation problem. |
The terminal multiplexer is running in virtual console 1. To switch from the actual installation environment to tmux, press Ctrl+Alt+F1. To go back to the main installation interface which runs in virtual console 6, press Ctrl+Alt+F6.
Se scegli l’installazione in modalità testo, inizierai nella console virtuale 1 (tmux), e passando alla console 6 si aprirà un prompt dei comandi invece di un’interfaccia grafica. |
The console running tmux has 5 available windows; their contents are described in the table below, along with keyboard shortcuts used to access them. Note that the keyboard shortcuts are two-part: first press Ctrl+b, then release both keys, and press the number key for the window you want to use.
You can also use Ctrl+b n and Ctrl+b p to switch to the next or previous tmux window, respectively.
Shortcut | Contents |
---|---|
Ctrl+b 1 |
Main installation program window. Contains text-based prompts (during text mode installation or if you use VNC direct mode), and also some debugging information. |
Ctrl+b 2 |
Interactive shell prompt with |
Ctrl+b 3 |
Installation log; displays messages stored in |
Ctrl+b 4 |
Storage log; displays messages related storage devices from kernel and system services, stored in |
Ctrl+b 5 |
Program log; displays messages from other system utilities, stored in |
In addition to displaying diagnostic information in tmux windows, Anaconda also generates several log files, which can be transferred from the installation system. These log files are described in Log Files Generated During the Installation, and directions for transferring them from the installation system are available in Transferring Log Files from the Installation System.
Saving Screenshots
You can press Shift+Print Screen at any time during the graphical installation to capture the current screen. These screenshots are saved to /tmp/anaconda-screenshots
.
Additionally, you can use the autostep --autoscreenshot command in a Kickstart file to capture and save each step of the installation automatically. See autostep (optional) - Go Through Every Screen for details.
Installing in Text Mode
Text mode installation offers an interactive, non-graphical interface for installing Fedora. This may be useful on systems with no graphical capabilities; however, you should always consider the available alternatives before starting a text-based installation. Text mode is limited in the amount of choices you can make during the installation.
There are two alternatives to text mode which can both be used even if the installation system does not have a graphical display. You can either connect to the installation system using VNC and perform an interactive graphical installation remotely (see Installing Using VNC), or you can create a Kickstart file to perform the installation automatically (see Automating the Installation with Kickstart).

Installation in text mode follows a pattern similar to the graphical installation: There is no single fixed progression; you can configure many settings in any order you want using the main status screen. Screens which have already been configured, either automatically or by you, are marked as [x]
, and screens which require your attention before the installation can begin are marked with [!]
. Available commands are displayed below the list of available options.
Limits of interactive text mode installation include:
-
The installer will always use the English language and the US English keyboard layout. You can configure your language and keyboard settings, but these settings will only apply to the installed system, not to the installation.
-
You can not configure any advanced storage methods (LVM, software RAID, FCoE, zFCP and iSCSI).
-
It is not possible to configure custom partitioning; you must use one of the automatic partitioning settings. You also cannot configure where the boot loader will be installed.
To start a text mode installation, boot the installation with the inst.text boot option used either at the boot command line in the boot menu, or in your PXE server configuration. See Booting the Installation for information about booting and using boot options.
Installing in the Graphical User Interface
The graphical installation interface is the preferred method of manually installing Fedora. It allows you full control over all available settings, including custom partitioning and advanced storage configuration, and it is also localized to many languages other than English, allowing you to perform the entire installation in a different language. The graphical mode is used by default when you boot the system from local media (a CD, DVD or a USB flash drive).
The sections below discuss each screen available in the installation process. Note that due to the installer’s parallel nature, most of the screens do not have to be completed in the order in which they are described here.
Each screen in the graphical interface contains a Help
button. This button opens the Yelp help browser displaying the section of the Fedora Installation Guide relevant to the current screen.
You can also control the graphical installer with your keyboard. Use Tab and Shift+Tab to cycle through active control elements (buttons, check boxes, etc.) on the current screen, Up and Down arrow keys to scroll through lists, and Left and Right to scroll through horizontal toolbars or table entries. Space or Enter can be used to select or remove a highlighted item from selection and to expand and collapse drop-down menus.
Additionally, elements in each screen can be toggled using their respective shortcuts. These shortcuts are highlighted (underlined) when you hold down the Alt key; to toggle that element, press Alt+X, where X is the highlighted letter.
Your current keyboard layout is displayed in the top right hand corner. Only one layout is configured by default; if you configure more than layout in the Keyboard Layout
screen (Keyboard Layout), you can switch between them by clicking the layout indicator.
Schermata di benvenuto e selezione della lingua
La prima schermata visualizzata immediatamente dopo l’avvio dell’installatore grafico è la schermata di benvenuto.

Per prima cosa, seleziona la tua lingua preferita nella colonna a sinistra, quindi seleziona la tua località nella colonna a destra. Puoi usare il campo di inserimento testo nell’angolo in basso a sinistra per cercare la tua lingua invece di cercarla nell’elenco completo di oltre 70 lingue.
The language you select on this screen will be used during the installation, and it will also be used on the installed system by default. You can change the language for the installed system later, but once you click Continue
on this screen, you will not be able to go back and change the language used inside the installer itself.
One language is pre-selected by default on top of the list. If network access is configured at this point (for example, if you booted from a network server instead of local media), the pre-selected language will be determined based on automatic location detection using the GeoIP module. Alternatively, if you used the inst.lang= option on the boot command line or in your PXE server configuration, this language will be selected by default, but you will still be able to change it.
After you select your language and locale, click Continue
to confirm your selection and proceed to Installation Summary.
If you are installing a pre-release version of Fedora, a message will be shown after you click |
Riepilogo dell’installazione
La schermata Riepilogo Installazione
è il punto centrale per configurare un’installazione. La maggior parte delle opzioni configurabili durante l’installazione è accessibile da qui.

Se hai utilizzato un’opzione Kickstart o di avvio per specificare un repository di installazione su una rete, ma la rete non è disponibile all’inizio dell’installazione, il programma di installazione mostrerà la schermata |
Lo schermo di riepilogo consiste in diversi collegamenti ad altri schermi, suddivisi in categorie. Questi collegamenti possono trovarsi in diversi stati, che sono indicati graficamente:
-
A warning symbol (yellow triangle with an exclamation mark) next to an icon means that a screen requires your attention before you start the installation. This typically happens with the
Installation Destination
screen, because even though there is a default automatic partitioning variant, you always have to at least confirm this selection, even if you do not want to make any changes. -
If a link is greyed out, it means that the installer is currently configuring this section, and you must wait for the configuration to finish before accessing that screen. This typically happens when you change the installation source in the
Installation Source
screen and the installer is probing the new source location and gathering a list of available packages. -
Screens with black text and no warning symbol mean that this screen does not require your attention. You can still change your settings in these screens, but it is not necessary to do so to complete the installation. This typically happens with localization settings, as these are either detected automatically, or set up on the previous screen where you select your language and locale.
A warning message is displayed at the bottom of the summary screen, and the Begin Installation
button is greyed out, as long as at least one item has not been configured yet.

Each screen also has an explanatory text below its title, showing settings currently configured in that screen. This text may be concatenated; in that case, move your mouse cursor over it and wait until a tooltip with the full text appears.

Once you configure everything required for the installation, you can press the Begin Installation
button to start installing Fedora. This will take you to Configuration and Installation Progress. Note that as the text below this button says, nothing will be written to your hard drive before you press this button. You can press Quit
at any point; this will discard all changes you made in the installer so far and reboot the system.
Data e ora
La schermata Data e Ora
consente di configurare le impostazioni relative a data e ora per il tuo sistema. Questa schermata viene configurata automaticamente in base alle impostazioni selezionate nella Schermata di Benvenuto e Selezione della Lingua, ma puoi modificare le impostazioni di data, ora e posizione prima di iniziare l’installazione.

Per prima cosa, seleziona la tua Regione
usando il menu a tendina nell’angolo in alto a sinistra dello schermo. Poi, seleziona la tua Città
, o la città più vicina alla tua posizione nello stesso fuso orario. Selezionare una posizione specifica aiuta Fedora a garantire che l’orario sia sempre impostato correttamente, includendo eventuali cambiamenti automatici per l’ora legale, se applicabile.
Puoi anche selezionare un fuso orario relativo al Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) senza impostare la tua posizione su una regione specifica. Per farlo, seleziona Etc
come tua regione.
The list of cities and regions comes from the Time Zone Database (tzdata) public domain, which is maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). The Fedora Project can not add cities or regions into this database. You can find more information at the IANA official website. |
The switch labeled Network Time
in the top right corner of the screen can be used to enable or disable network time synchronization using the Network Time Protocol (NTP). Enabling this option will keep your system time correct as long as the system can access the internet. By default, four NTP pools are configured; you can add others and disable or remove the default ones by clicking the gear wheel button next to the switch.

If you disable network time synchronization, the controls at the bottom of the screen will become active, and you will be able to set the current time and date manually.
After configuring your time and date settings, press the Done
button in the top left corner to return to Installation Summary.
Layout della tastiera
Lo schermo Layout della Tastiera
ti permette di configurare uno o più layout di tastiera per il tuo sistema e un modo per passare da uno all’altro. Un layout di tastiera è configurato automaticamente in base alla tua selezione nella Schermata di Benvenuto e Selezione della Lingua, ma puoi modificare questo layout e aggiungerne altri prima di iniziare l’installazione.
Keyboard layouts are a separate setting from system languages, and these two settings can be mixed as you see fit.
All settings configured in this screen will be available on the installed system, and they will also become immediately available inside the installer. You can use the keyboard icon in the top right corner of any screen, or the keyboard switch you configured in this screen, to cycle between your configured layouts. |

The left half of the screen contains a window listing all currently configured layouts. The order in which the layouts are displayed is important - the same order will be used when switching between layouts, and the first listed layout will be the default on your system.
The text field on the right side of the screen can be used to test the currently selected layout.
You can click a layout in the list to highlight it. At the bottom of the list, there is a set of buttons:
-
The
+
button adds a new layout. When you press this button, a new window opens with a list of all available layouts, grouped by language. You can find a layout by browsing the list, or you can use the search bar at the bottom of this window. When you find the layout you want to add, highlight it and pressAdd
. -
The
-
button removes the currently highlighted layout. -
The up and down buttons can be used to move the highlighted layout up or down in the list.
-
The keyboard button opens a new window which offers a visual representation of the highlighted layout.
If you use a layout that cannot accept Latin characters, such as |
You can also optionally configure a keyboard switch which can be used to cycle between available layouts. To do so, click the Options
button on the right side of the screen. The Layout Switching Options
dialog will open, allowing you to configure one or more keys or key combinations for switching. Select one or more key combinations using the check boxes next to them, and click OK
to confirm your selection.
Dopo aver terminato la configurazione dei layout e degli switch della tastiera, fai clic su Fatto
nell’angolo in alto a sinistra per tornare a Riepilogo dell’Installazione.
_Supporto linguistico
Lo schermo Supporto Lingue
ti consente di configurare le impostazioni linguistiche per il tuo sistema. La lingua predefinita è determinata dalla tua selezione in Schermata di Benvenuto e Selezione Lingua e il supporto per questa lingua non può essere rimosso. Puoi solo aggiungere lingue aggiuntive, che saranno disponibili sul sistema installato - non durante l’installazione.
Se si desidera modificare la lingua predefinita o la lingua utilizzata durante l’installazione, è necessario riavviare il sistema, avviare nuovamente il programma di installazione e selezionare una lingua diversa in Schermata di benvenuto e selezione della lingua.
L’aggiunta del supporto per un’altra lingua non configura automaticamente il layout di tastiera corrispondente. I layout sono un’impostazione separata configurata in Layout di tastiera. |

Il pannello di sinistra contiene un elenco dei gruppi linguistici disponibili, come "Inglese" o "Bulgaro". Se è selezionata almeno una lingua da un gruppo, verrà visualizzato un segno di spunta accanto al gruppo e la voce dell’elenco verrà evidenziata. Questo consente di visualizzare facilmente le lingue per cui è stato configurato il supporto.
Per aggiungere il supporto per una o più lingue aggiuntive, fai clic su un gruppo nel pannello di sinistra, quindi seleziona una o più varianti regionali nel pannello di destra utilizzando le caselle di controllo accanto alle voci dell’elenco. Ripeti questa procedura per tutte le lingue per cui desideri installare il supporto.
Enabling support for some languages (typically languages which use non-Latin script) will install additional packages - for example, enabling support for one or more languages from the |
Una volta effettuate le selezioni, fare clic su Fine
nell’angolo in alto a sinistra per tornare a Riepilogo dell’installazione.
Fonte di installazione
La schermata Sorgente di Installazione
consente di specificare una posizione (locale o di rete) da cui scaricare e installare i pacchetti sul sistema. Questa schermata sarà configurata automaticamente nella maggior parte dei casi, ma puoi modificare le impostazioni o aggiungere fonti aggiuntive.
Normally, when you first enter the |

Le seguenti opzioni sono disponibili. Nota che non tutte potrebbero essere visualizzate.
- Auto-detected installation media
-
This is the option selected by default if you started the installer from media containing an installation source, such as a live DVD. No additional configuration is necessary. You can click the
Verify
button check the media integrity. - ISO file
-
This option will appear if the installation program detected a partitioned hard drive with mountable file systems during boot. Select this option, click the Choose an ISO button, and browse to the installation ISO file’s location on your system. You can click the
Verify
button to check the file’s integrity. - On the network
-
Use this option to download packages to be installed from a network location instead of local media. This is the default selection on network installation media.
In most cases, the
Closest mirror
option available from the protocol selection drop-down menu is preferable. If this option is selected, packages for your system will be downloaded from the most suitable location (mirror).To manually configure a network-based installation source, use the drop-down menu to specify the protocol to be used when downloading packages. This setting depends on the server you want to use. Then, type the server address (without the protocol) into the address field. If you choose NFS, a second input field will appear where you can specify custom
NFS mount options
.When selecting an NFS installation source, you must specify the address with a colon (
:
) character separating the host name from the path. For example:server.example.com:/path/to/directory
To configure a proxy for an HTTP or HTTPS source, click the Proxy setup button. Check
Enable HTTP proxy
and type the URL into theProxy URL
box. If the proxy server requires authentication, checkUse Authentication
and enter your user name and password. Click OK to finish the configuration.If your HTTP or HTTPS URL refers to a repository mirror list, mark the check box under the address field.
You can also specify additional repositories in the Additional repositories
section to gain access to more installation environments and software add-ons. All environments and add-ons will be available for selection in Software Selection once you finish configuring the sources.
To add a repository, click the + button. To delete a repository, select one in the list and click the - button. Click the arrow icon to revert to the previous list of repositories, i.e. to replace current entries with those that were present at the time you entered the Installation Source
screen. To activate or deactivate a repository, click the check box in the Enabled
column at each entry in the list.
You can name your additional repository and configure it the same way as the primary repository on the network using the input fields on the right side of the section.
Once you have selected your installation source, click Done
in the top left corner to return to Installation Summary.
Selezione software
La schermata Selezione software ti permette di scegliere un Ambiente base e degli Componenti aggiuntivi. Queste opzioni determinano quali pacchetti software verranno installati sul sistema durante il processo di installazione.
This screen is only available if Installation Source is properly configured and only after the installer has downloaded package metadata from the source.
It is not possible to select specific packages during a manual installation. You can only select pre-defined environments and add-ons. If you need to control exactly which packages are installed, you must use a Kickstart file and define the packages in the %packages section. See Automating the Installation with Kickstart for information about Kickstart installations. |
The availability of environments and add-ons depends on your installation source. By default, the selection depends on the installation media you used to start the installation; Fedora Server installation image will have different environments and add-ons available for selection than, for example, the Fedora Cloud image. You can change this by configuring a different installation source containing different environments.

To configure your software selection, first choose an environment on the left side of the screen. Only one environment can be chosen, even if more are available. Then, on the right side of the screen, select one or more add-ons which you want to install by marking the check boxes next to each add-on.
The list of add-ons is divided into two parts by a horizontal line. Add-ons above this line are defined as part of your chosen environment; if you select a different environment, the add-ons available here will change. The add-ons displayed below the separator are not specific to your chosen environment.
Environments and add-ons are defined using a comps.xml
file in your installation source (for example, in the repodata/
directory on the full Fedora Server installation DVD). Review this file to see exactly which packages will be installed as part of a certain environment or add-on. For more information about the comps.xml
file, see %packages (required) - Package Selection.
After you finish configuring your software selection, click Done
in the top left corner to return to Installation Summary.
Destinazione di installazione
La schermata Destinazione di Installazione
consente di configurare le opzioni di archiviazione, ovvero quali dischi verranno utilizzati come destinazione per l’installazione del tuo Fedora. Deve essere selezionato almeno un disco affinché l’installazione possa procedere.
For information about the theory and concepts behind disk partitioning in Linux, see Recommended Partitioning Scheme.
If you plan to use a disk which already contains some data - for example, if you want to shrink an existing Microsoft Windows partition and install Fedora as a second system or if you are upgrading a previous release of Fedora, make sure to back up any important data first. Manipulating partitions always carries a risk - if the process is interrupted or fails for any reason (installer error, hardware failure, power outage, etc.), any data already on the disk may become impossible to recover. |

In the top part of the screen, all locally available storage devices (SATA, IDE and SCSI hard drives, USB flash drives, etc.) are displayed in the Local Standard Disks
section. Local disks are detected when the installer starts - any storage devices connected after the installation has started will not be shown.
If you need to configure additional local storage devices, select I will configure partitioning
and press Done
to move to Manual Partitioning. Then, connect any new hard drives you want to make available during the installation, and press the button marked by a circular arrow in the set of controls below the list of mount points on the left side of the screen. In the dialog window that opens, press Rescan Disks
and wait until the scanning process completes. Then, press OK
to return to Installation Destination; all detected disks including any new ones will be displayed in the Local Standard Disks
section.
The Specialized & Network Disks
section below shows advanced network storage (such as iSCSI and FCoE disks) currently configured. When you first open this screen, no such devices will be displayed because they can not be automatically detected; to search for network storage devices, press Add a disk
button and proceed with Installation Destination - Specialized & Network Disks. Any network storage you configure will then show up in the Specialized & Network Disks
the same way local disks are shown above.
All storage devices which will be used to install Fedora have a black circle icon with a white check mark on them. Disks not marked by this icon will not be used during the installation - they will be ignored if you choose automatic partitioning, and they will not be available in manual partitioning.
USB storage devices such as flash drives and external disks will be shown in the |

After you select all disks you want to install Fedora, select one of the two options in the Other Storage Options
section:
-
Automatically configure partitioning
- If this option is selected, then after you pressDone
in the top left corner of the screen, the installer will determine the total amount of space on all selected disks, and it will create a Logical Volume Management (LVM) layout suitable for your system. The specifics of this layout depend on whether your system uses BIOS or UEFI firmware, the total amount of free space on your disks, and the amount of RAM on your system (which determines the size of your swap space).Con il partizionamento automatico, puoi anche selezionare l’opzione
Vorrei rendere disponibile ulteriore spazio
qui sotto. Usa questa opzione se desideri recuperare spazio da un layout di partizionamento esistente - ad esempio, se un disco che vuoi usare contiene già un altro sistema operativo e desideri ridurre le partizioni di questo sistema per fare più spazio per Fedora. La finestra di dialogoRecupera spazio
che si apre se questa opzione è selezionata è descritta più avanti in questa sezione. -
I will configure partitioning
- Select this option and pressDone
in the top left corner of the screen to configure your system’s partitioning layout manually. This requires some knowledge of the theory behind disk partitions and related concepts, but gives you full control over the way the system will be installed. For instructions for manual partitioning, see Manual Partitioning.
Additionally, you can select Encrypt my data
; this will encrypt all partitions except the ones needed to boot the system (such as /boot
) using Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS). Encrypting your hard drive is recommended. For detailed information about LUKS encryption, see the Fedora Security Guide, available at https://docs.fedoraproject.org/.
If you lose the LUKS passphrase, any encrypted partitions and the data on them will become completely inaccessible. There is no way to recover a lost passphrase. However, if you perform a Kickstart installation, you can save encryption passphrases and create backup encryption passphrases during the installation. See Automating the Installation with Kickstart for information about Kickstart installations. |
To control which one of your selected storage devices will contain the boot loader, click the Full disk summary and bootloader
link in the bottom left corner of the screen, and follow the instructions in Boot Loader Installation. Note that while in most cases it is sufficient to leave the boot loader in the default location, some configurations (for example, systems which require chain loading from another boot loader) will require the boot drive to be specified manually.
After you select storage devices, choose between automatic and manual partitioning, configure encryption and boot loader location, press Done
in the top left corner of the screen. Then, depending on your settings, the following will happen:
-
If you chose to encrypt your hard drive, the
Disk Encryption Passphrase
dialog will appear. Enter your chosen passphrase into thePassphrase
andConfirm
fields. When you do so, the passphrase will be automatically evaluated and its strength will be displayed, along with suggestions on how to make it stronger if the installer has determined it to be weak. For information about creating strong passwords, see Fedora Security Guide. -
If you selected automatic partitioning and the
I would like to make additional space available
, or if there is not enough free space on your selected hard drives to install Fedora, theReclaim Space
dialog will appear. This dialog lists all disk devices you have configured and all partitions on those devices. The bottom right corner of the dialog displays information about how much space the system needs for at least a minimal installation and how much space you have reclaimed.If you use the
Reclaim Space
dialog to delete a partition, all data on that partition will be lost. If you want to preserve your data, use theShrink
option, not theDelete
option.First, review the displayed list of available storage devices. The
Reclaimable Space
column shows how much space can be reclaimed from each entry. To reclaim space, select a disk or partition, and press either theDelete
button to delete that partition (or all partitions on a selected disk), orShrink
to use free space on a partition while preserving existing data. Alternatively, you can pressDelete all
in the bottom right corner; this will delete all existing partitions on all disks and make this space available to Fedora, but all existing data on all disks will be lost.After you free enough space for your Fedora installation, press
Reclaim space
to finish.No changes to any disks will be made until you press
Begin Installation
in Installation Summary. TheReclaim Space
dialog only marks partitions for resizing or deletion, but no such action is performed immediately. -
If you selected the
I will configure partitioning
option, pressingDone
will open theManual Partitioning
screen. See Manual Partitioning for further instructions.
Installazione Boot loader
Fedora utilizza GRUB2 (GRand Unified Bootloader versione 2) come boot loader. Il boot loader è il primo programma che viene eseguito all’avvio del computer ed è responsabile del caricamento e del trasferimento del controllo a un sistema operativo. GRUB2 può avviare qualsiasi sistema operativo compatibile (incluso Microsoft Windows) e può anche utilizzare il chain loading per trasferire il controllo ad altri boot loader per sistemi operativi non supportati.
Installing GRUB2 may overwrite your existing boot loader. |
If you have other operating systems already installed, the Fedora installer will attempt to automatically detect and configure the boot loader to start them. You can manually configure any additional operating systems after you finish the installation, if they are not detected properly. For instructions on editing GRUB2 configuration, see the Fedora System Administrator’s Guide, available at https://docs.fedoraproject.org/
If you are installing Fedora system with more than one disk, you may want to manually specify where the bootloader should be installed. Click the Full disk summary and bootloader
link at the bottom of the Installation Destination
screen. The Selected Disks
dialog will appear. The bootloader will be installed on the device of your choice, or on a UEFI system, the EFI system partition
will be created on that device during guided partitioning.

In the Boot
column, a "tick" icon marks one of the devices as the intended boot device. To change the boot device, select a device from the list and click the Set as Boot Device
button to install the boot loader there instead. Only one device can be set as the boot device.
To decline installation of a new boot loader, select the device currently marked for boot and click the Do not install bootloader
button. This will remove the tick and ensure GRUB2 is not installed on any device.
If you choose not to install a boot loader for any reason, you will not be able to boot the system directly, and you must use another boot method, such as a stand-alone commercial boot loader application. Use this option only if you are sure you have another way to boot your system. |
The boot loader may also require a special partition to be created, depending on whether your system uses BIOS or UEFI firmware and also depending on whether the boot drive has a GUID Partition Table (GPT) or a Master Boot Record
(MBR, also known as msdos) label. If you use automatic partitioning, the installer will create this partition if needed. For details, see Recommended Partitioning Scheme.
Destinazione dell’installazione - Dischi specializzati e di rete
Questa parte della schermata Destinazione di Installazione
consente di configurare dispositivi di archiviazione non locali, ovvero storage iSCSI e FCoE. Questa sezione sarà principalmente utile per utenti avanzati che necessitano di dischi di rete. Per le istruzioni su come configurare i dischi rigidi locali, vedere Destinazione di Installazione.
This section only explains how to make existing network disks available inside the installer. It does not explain how to set up your network or a storage server, only how to connect to them. |

The screen contains a list of all currently available (discovered) network storage devices. When the screen is opened for the first time, the list will be empty in most cases because no network storage has been discovered - the installer makes no attempt at discovering this unless you configure network disks using a Kickstart file.
To add one or more storage devices to the screen so you can search them and use them in the installation, click Add iSCSI Target
or Add FCoE SAN
in the bottom right corner of the screen, and follow the instructions in Add iSCSI Target or Add FCoE SAN, depending on which type of network storage you want to add.
Network storage devices successfully discovered and configured by the installer will then be displayed in the main list, along with identifying information such as Name
, WWID
, Model
and Target
. To sort the list by a specific column (for example WWID
), click the column’s heading.
On lower display resolutions, the list may be too wide to fit on the screen, and some of the columns or buttons may be hidden initially. Use the horizontal scroll bar at the bottom of the list to move your view and see all available table columns and controls. |
There are three tabs on the top of the list, which display different information:
- Search
-
Displays all available devices, regardless of their type, and allows you to filter them either by their World Wide Identifier (WWID) or by the port, target, or logical unit number (LUN) at which they are accessed.
- Multipath Devices
-
Storage devices accessible through more than one path, such as through multiple SCSI controllers or Fiber Channel ports on the same system.
The installation program only detects multipath storage devices with serial numbers that are 16 or 32 characters long.
- Altri Dispositivi SAN
-
Devices available on a Storage Area Network (SAN).
Depending on the tab you are currently in, you can filter the discovered devices by using the Filter By
field. Some of the filtering options are automatically populated based on discovered devices (for example, if you select Filter By:
Vendor
, another drop-down menu will appear showing all vendors of all discovered devices). Other filters require your input (for example when filtering by WWID), and present you with a text input field instead of a drop-down menu.
In the list (regardless of how it is filtered), each device is presented on a separate row, with a check box to its left. Mark the check box to make the device available during the installation process; this will cause this device (node) to be shown in the Specialized & Network Disks
section in Installation Destination. There, you can select the disk as an installation target and proceed with either manual or automatic partitioning.
Devices that you select here are not automatically wiped by the installation process. Selecting a device on this screen does not, in itself, place data stored on the device at risk. Also note that any devices that you do not select here to form part of the installed system can be added to the system after installation by modifying the |
When you have selected the storage devices to make available during installation, click Done
to return to Installation Destination.
Aggiungi destinazione iSCSI
Per utilizzare dispositivi di archiviazione iSCSI, l’installatore deve essere in grado di individuarli come target iSCSI e di creare una sessione iSCSI per accedervi. Entrambi questi passaggi potrebbero richiedere un nome utente e una password per l’autenticazione Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP).
You can also configure an iSCSI target to authenticate the iSCSI initiator on the system to which the target is attached (reverse CHAP), both for discovery and for the session. Used together, CHAP and reverse CHAP are called mutual CHAP or two-way CHAP. Mutual CHAP provides the greatest level of security for iSCSI connections, particularly if the user name and password are different for CHAP authentication and reverse CHAP authentication.
Follow the procedure below to add an iSCSI storage target to your system.
-
Fai clic sul pulsante
Aggiungi iSCSI Target
nell’angolo in basso a destra della schermata Destinazione Installazione - Dischi Specializzati e di Rete. Si aprirà una nuova finestra di dialogo intitolataAggiungi iSCSI Storage Target
. -
Inserisci l’indirizzo IP del target iSCSI nel campo
Indirizzo IP del target
. -
Provide a name in the
iSCSI Initiator Name
field for the iSCSI initiator in iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN) format. A valid IQN entry contains:-
The string
iqn.
(including the period). -
A date code specifying the year and month in which your organization’s Internet domain or subdomain name was registered, represented as four digits for the year, a dash, and two digits for the month, followed by a period. For example, represent September 2010 as
2010-09.
-
Your organization’s Internet domain or subdomain name, presented in reverse order (with the top-level domain first). For example, represent the subdomain storage.example.com as
com.example.storage
. -
A colon (
:
) followed by a string which uniquely identifies this particular iSCSI initiator within your domain or subdomain. For example,:diskarrays-sn-a8675309
A complete IQN will therefore look as follows:
iqn.2010-09.com.example.storage:diskarrays-sn-a8675309
An example using the correct format is also displayed below the input field for reference.
For more information about IQNs, see 3.2.6. iSCSI Names in RFC 3720 - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI), available from https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3720#section-3.2.6 and 1. iSCSI Names and Addresses in RFC 3721 - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) Naming and Discovery, available from https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3721#section-1.
-
-
Specifica il tipo di autenticazione da utilizzare per la scoperta iSCSI usando il menu a tendina
Tipo di autenticazione per la scoperta
. A seconda del tipo di autenticazione selezionato, potrebbero diventare visibili ulteriori campi di inserimento (comeNome utente CHAP
ePassword CHAP
). Compila le tue credenziali di autenticazione; queste dovrebbero essere fornite dalla tua organizzazione. -
Fai clic sul pulsante
Avvia scoperta
. L’installatore tenterà di individuare un target iSCSI basandosi sulle informazioni fornite e, se il target richiede l’autenticazione CHAP o CHAP inversa, tenterà di utilizzare le credenziali fornite. Questo processo potrebbe richiedere del tempo (generalmente meno di 30 secondi), a seconda della tua rete.If the discovery was not successful, an error message will be displayed in the dialog window. This message will vary based on which part of the discovery failed. If the installer did not find the target you specified at all, you should check the IP address; if the problem is an authentication error, make sure you entered all CHAP and reverse CHAP credentials correctly and that you have access to the iSCSI target.
The
No nodes discovered
error message may also mean that all nodes on the address you specified are already configured. During discovery, Anaconda ignores nodes which have already been added.If the discovery was successful, you will see a list of all discovered nodes.
-
Select one or more nodes you want to log in to by marking or unmarking the check box next to each node discovered on the target. Below the list, select again the type of authentication you want to use; you can also select the
Use the credentials from discovery
option if the CHAP/reverse CHAP user name and password you used to discover the target are also valid for logging in to it.After selecting all nodes you want to use, click
Log In
to initiate an iSCSI session. Anaconda will attempt to log in to all selected nodes. If the login process is succesful, theAdd iSCSI Storage Target
dialog will close, and all nodes you have configured will now be shown in the list of network disks in Installation Destination - Specialized & Network Disks.
You can repeat this procedure to discover additional iSCSI targets, or to add more nodes from a previously configured target. However, note that once you click the Start Discovery
button for the first time, you will not be able to change the iSCSI Initiator Name
. If you made an error when configuring the initiator name, you must restart the installation.
Aggiungi SAN FCoE
La seguente procedura spiega come aggiungere dispositivi di archiviazione Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) e renderli disponibili durante l’installazione:
-
Click the
Add FCoE SAN
button in the bottom right corner of Installation Destination - Specialized & Network Disks. A new dialog window will open. -
Select the network interface (
NIC
) which is connected to your FCoE switch from the drop-down menu. Note that this network interface must be configured and connected - see Network & Hostname. -
Sotto il menu a discesa
NIC
ci sono due opzioni:Use DCB
-
Data Center Bridging (DCB) is a set of enhancements to the Ethernet protocols designed to increase the efficiency of Ethernet connections in storage networks and clusters. This option should only be enabled for network interfaces that require a host-based DCBX client. Configurations on interfaces that implement a hardware DCBX client should leave this check box empty.
Use auto vlan
-
This option indicates whether VLAN discovery should be performed. If this box is checked, then the FCoE Initiation Protocol (FIP) VLAN discovery protocol will run on the Ethernet interface once the link configuration has been validated. If they are not already configured, network interfaces for any discovered FCoE VLANs will be automatically created and FCoE instances will be created on the VLAN interfaces. This option is enabled by default.
-
After you select which interface and options to use, click
Add FCoE Disk(s)
. Discovered FCoE storage devices will be displayed under theOther SAN Devices
tab in Installation Destination - Specialized & Network Disks.
Partizionamento manuale
Lo schermo Partizionamento Manuale
ti consente di creare manualmente una configurazione di archiviazione per il tuo sistema Fedora, offrendoti un maggiore controllo sull’archiviazione del sistema.
In most other installers for both Linux and other operating systems, disk partitioning usually takes a "bottom-up" approach. In these installers, you first create underlying devices such as LVM physical volumes, then you create a layout such as LVM on top of them, then you create file systems on top of logical volumes, and the last step is usually assigning a mount point to each volume as needed.
Anaconda uses an opposite approach. First, you create all separate mount points you need, and everything needed to create them (creating a volume group, logical volumes inside it, and physical volumes where the volume group will reside) is performed automatically. You can then adjust the automatic settings as you require.
No permanent changes will be made to your disks during the actual partitioning process. The configuration you have selected will only be written to your system after you press the |

When you first open the Manual Partitioning
screen, the column on the left side will display all previously existing partitions on all drives which you selected as installation targers in Installation Destination. If none of the selected drives contain any existing partitions, then a message informing you that no mount points currently exist will appear.
Here, you can choose a partitioning scheme such as LVM
or BTRFS
and click the Click here to create them automatically
to prompt the installer to create a basic partitioning layout; this layout follows the guidelines described in Recommended Partitioning Scheme. The created layout is a basic layout where partition/volume sizes are determined automatically based on the total amount of available space.
Click the +
button to add a mount point. In the dialog window that opens, choose a mount point such as /
or /home
, and the desired capacity for the mount point (such as 10GB
or 500MB
). Note that specifying the mount point is mandatory, but you do not have to specify the capacity at this point; this is useful when adding a mount point which you want to make larger than the current available space permits. Then, click Add mount point
to add it to the list using the default settings, which means it will be created as a logical volume, and a new volume group will be created for it unless one already exists.
Then, select the newly created mount point in the list on the left side. A set of controls will display on the right side of the screen, allowing you to change its mount point, the device on which it will physically reside, its capacity, file system, etc. When you change any settings, press Update Settings
on the bottom right. This will save the adjusted configuration; you can now create another mount point, or select a different existing one and adjust its settings as well.
For a description of available device and file system types, see Device, File System and RAID Types. |
To remove a mount point, select it in the list and press the -
button below.
The exact steps for configuring your storage depend on your specific needs and your system configuration. Procedures for creating specific layouts are described further in this chapter. Before you start, you should also review Recommended Partitioning Scheme and Advice on Partitions for a list of requirements and tips for partitioning your disks for Fedora.
Below the list of existing mount points are two fields, showing you how much free space is left on your storage devices and how much total space they have.
Fai clic su X dispositivi di archiviazione selezionati
per visualizzare un riepilogo dei dispositivi di archiviazione attualmente selezionati; questo può aiutarti ad orientarti in schemi di archiviazione più complessi. I dispositivi visualizzati qui sono quelli che hai selezionato in Destinazione di Installazione. Se desideri aggiungere o rimuovere dispositivi di archiviazione dalla tua configurazione, torna a quella schermata e modifica la tua selezione.
Puoi premere il pulsante Reimposta Tutto
in basso a destra in qualsiasi momento per riportare la configurazione di archiviazione allo stato in cui si trovava l’ultima volta che hai aperto la schermata Partizionamento Manuale
. Questo significa che se modifichi la configurazione di archiviazione, esci dalla schermata e poi torni, il pulsante Reimposta riporterà la configurazione allo stato già modificato, scartando solo le modifiche recenti, non tutte le modifiche effettuate dall’avvio dell’installer.
To discard all changes, and to also detect any new drives which have not been detected when the installer started (usually when you attached a new drive after you started), press the button marked by a circular arrow in the set of controls below the list of mount points on the left side of the screen. In the dialog window that opens, press Rescan Disks
and wait until the scanning process completes. Then, press OK
to return to Installation Destination; all detected disks including any new ones will be displayed in the Local Standard Disks
section.

After you finish configuring your system storage, press Done
in the top left corner to save the configuration and return to the Installation Summary
screen. At this point, the installer will check if your storage configuration is valid. If an error was detected, a message will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. Click the message to open a dialog window explaining what kind of error has been detected (for example, you put /boot
on a Btrfs subvolume, or you did not create a BIOS Boot partition when your system requires one).
If such a message is displayed, go back and fix any issues found by the installer; otherwise you will not be able to proceed with the installation. You can also press Done
again to return to the Installation Summary
anyway, but a storage configuration error will prevent you from starting the actual installation process.
If no error message is displayed and if you made any changes since the last time you have visited this screen, a summary dialog will appear, displaying a detailed list of the changes you made. Review the list and click Accept Changes
to proceed with Installation Summary, or click Cancel & Return to Custom Partitioning
if you want to make any more changes.
Creazione delle partizioni standard
Le partizioni standard sono il tipo di partizione più comune, con il supporto più ampio tra i sistemi operativi. Ad esempio, Microsoft Windows utilizza esclusivamente partizioni fisiche e non può lavorare nativamente con LVM o Btrfs. La maggior parte delle configurazioni di partizionamento di Fedora richiederà anche almeno una partizione standard per la directory /boot
, e possibilmente un’altra partizione standard con il file system BIOS Boot o EFI System per memorizzare il boot loader.
See An Introduction to Disk Partitions for additional information about the concepts behind physical partitions.

Follow the procedure below to create mount points on standard physical partitions:
-
Click the
+
button at the bottom of the list showing existing mount points. A new dialog window will open. -
In the new dialog window, specify a mount point for which you want to create a separate mount point - for example,
/
. Optionally, specify a size for the partition using standard units such as MB or GB (for example,50GB
). Then, clickAdd mount point
to add the mount point and return to the main partitioning screen.When creating a swap partition, specify the mount point as
swap
. For a BIOS Boot partition, usebiosboot
. For an EFI System Partition, use/boot/efi
.For information about these partition types, see Recommended Partitioning Scheme.
-
The mount point has now been created using the default settings, which means it has been created as an LVM logical volume. Select the newly created mount point in the left pane to configure it further, and convert it to a physical partition by changing the
Device Type
option toStandard Partition
. Then, clickUpdate Settings
in the bottom right corner of the screen. -
In the
Device(s)
section on the right side of the screen, you can see that the partition has been assigned to one or more hard drives. Click theModify
button to configure on which drive this partition will be created. -
In the
Configure Mount Point
dialog, you can specify which physical devices (disks) this volume may reside on. You can select one or more disks which will be used to hold this volume by holding down Ctrl and clicking each disk in the list. If you select multiple disks here, Anaconda will determine where exactly the partition should be created based on how you configured the rest of the installation. If you want to make sure that this partition is placed on a specific hard drive, select only that drive and unselect all others.Dopo aver completato la configurazione della posizione della partizione, fai clic su
Salva
per tornare alla schermata principale diPartizionamento manuale
. -
Configure other settings specific to the partition - its
Mount Point
,Desired Capacity
, andFile System
. PressUpdate Settings
to apply any changes to the configuration.
Ripeti questa procedura per eventuali ulteriori partizioni standard che desideri creare.
Creazione di un RAID software
Le Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAID) sono costituite da più dispositivi di archiviazione organizzati per offrire prestazioni aumentate e, in alcune configurazioni, una maggiore tolleranza ai guasti. Vedi Tipi di Dispositivi, File System e RAID per una descrizione dei diversi tipi di RAID.
A RAID device is created in one step, and disks are added or removed as necessary. One RAID partition per physical disk is allowed for each device, so the number of disks available to the installation program determines which levels of RAID device are available to you. For example, if your system has two hard drives, the installation program will not allow you to create a RAID10 device, which requires 4 separate partitions.
This section only explains how to create software RAID with standard (physical) partitions. However, you can also configure LVM volume groups and Btrfs volumes to use RAID and place their logical volumes or Btrfs subvolumes on top of this RAID array. See Creating a Logical Volume Managament (LVM) Layout and Creating a Btrfs Layout for instructions on creating RAID in LVM and Btrfs. |

RAID configuration options are only visible if you have selected two or more disks for installation. At least two disks are required to create a RAID device, and some RAID layouts will require more. Requirements for different types of RAID are described in Device, File System and RAID Types. |
Follow the procedure below to create software RAID:
-
Click the
+
button at the bottom of the list showing existing mount points. A new dialog window will open. -
In the new dialog window, specify a mount point for which you want to create a separate software RAID partition - for example,
/
. Optionally, specify a size for the new partition using standard units such as MB or GB (for example,50GB
). Then, clickAdd mount point
to add the mount point and return to the main partitioning screen.When creating a mount point for swap on software RAID, specify the mount point as
swap
. -
The mount point has now been created using the default settings, which means it has been created as an LVM logical volume. Select the newly created mount point in the left pane to configure it further, and convert it to a software RAID partition by changing the
Device Type
option toRAID
. -
Choose a RAID type from the
RAID Level
drop-down menu. Available RAID types and their requirements are described in Device, File System and RAID Types. -
In the
Device(s)
section on the right side of the screen, you can see that the partition has been assigned to several physical disks. Click theModify
button to configure on which drives this partition will be created. -
In the
Configure Mount Point
dialog, you can specify which physical devices (disks) this partition may reside on. You can select one or more disks which will be used to hold this partition by holding down Ctrl and clicking each disk in the list. If you want to make sure that this partition is placed on a specific set of hard drives, select only those drives and unselect all others.Dopo aver completato la configurazione della posizione della partizione, fai clic su
Salva
per tornare alla schermata principale diPartizionamento manuale
. -
Configure other settings specific to the partition - its
Mount Point
,Desired Capacity
, andFile System
. PressUpdate Settings
to apply any changes to the configuration.
Repeat this procedure for any additional standard partitions with software RAID you want to create.
Creazione di una configurazione Logical Volume Management (LVM)
Il Logical Volume Management (LVM) offre una vista logica semplice dello spazio di archiviazione fisico sottostante, come dischi rigidi o LUN. Le partizioni sullo storage fisico sono rappresentate come volumi fisici che possono essere raggruppati in gruppi di volumi. Ogni gruppo di volumi può essere suddiviso in più volumi logici, ciascuno dei quali è analogo a una normale partizione del disco. Pertanto, i volumi logici LVM funzionano come partizioni che possono estendersi su più dischi fisici.
See Understanding LVM for additional information about the concepts behind Logical Volume Management.
Some partition types - notably the |

Follow the procedure below to create LVM logical volumes and volume groups.
-
Click the
+
button at the bottom of the list showing existing mount points. A new dialog window will open. -
In the new dialog window, specify a mount point for which you want to create a separate logical volume - for example,
/
. Optionally, specify a size for the volume using standard units such as MB or GB (for example,50GB
). Then, clickAdd mount point
to add the volume and return to the main partitioning screen.When creating a mount point for swap on LVM, specify the mount point as
swap
. -
The mount point has now been created using the default settings, which means it has been created as an LVM logical volume, and a volume group has been created to contain it. Select the newly created mount point in the left pane to configure it further. If you want to use thin provisioning for this volume, change the
Device Type
option toLVM Thin Provisioning
. -
In the
Volume Group
menu, you can see that the volume has been assigned to an automatically created volume group, which is named after the Fedora variant you are installing (for example,fedora-server
. Click theModify
button under the drop-down menu to access the volume group settings. -
In the
Configure Volume Group
dialog, you can change the volume group’s name, itsRAID level
(see Device, File System and RAID Types for information about available RAID types), and you can also specify which physical devices (disks) this volume group should reside on. You can select one or more disks which will be used to hold this volume group by holding down Ctrl and clicking each disk in the list.If you select a redundant RAID type (such as
RAID1 (Redundancy)
), the volume group will take up twice its actual size on your disks. A 5 GB volume group with RAID1 will take up 10 GB of space.Puoi anche assicurarti che il gruppo di volumi sia crittografato selezionando l’opzione
Crittografa
; questo abiliterà la crittografia LUKS per l’intero gruppo di volumi. Consulta il Fedora Security Guide, disponibile al https://docs.fedoraproject.org/, per informazioni sulla crittografia del disco LUKS.Additionally, you can set a fixed size for the volume group by selecting the
Fixed
option from theSize policy
menu and entering a size for the volume group.After you finish configuring the volume group settings, click
Save
to return to the mainManual Partitioning
screen.The configuration dialog does not allow you to specify the size of the volume group’s physical extents. The size will always be set to the default value of 4 MiB. If you want to create a volume group with different physical extents, create it manually by switching to an interactive shell and using the vgcreate command, or use a Kickstart file with the volgroup --pesize=size command.
-
If you need to create more than one volume group, open the
Volume Group
drop-down menu and select theCreate a new volume group
option. A new dialog window will open, identical to the one described in the previous step. Again, select a name, storage devices, encryption settings, RAID level and size policy for the new group, and clickSave
. The new volume group will then become available in theVolume Group
drop-down menu; you can then go through your existing mount points and change this setting to assign them to a different volume group. -
Configure other settings specific to the logical volume - its
Mount Point
,Desired Capacity
,File System
, andName
. PressUpdate Settings
to apply any changes to the configuration.
Repeat this procedure for any additional logical volumes you want to create. Note that when creating additional LVM logical volumes, a new volume group is not automatically created each time; instead, any additional volumes are assigned to an existing group.
For each mount point you create, review its settings and make sure that it is assigned to the correct group, that it has sufficient capacity, and that it has a descriptive name so you can identify the volume later if you need to.
Creazione di una configurazione Btrfs
Btrfs è un tipo di file system che offre diverse caratteristiche tipiche di un dispositivo di archiviazione. È progettato per rendere il file system tollerante agli errori e facilitare la loro rilevazione e riparazione quando si verificano. Utilizza checksums per garantire la validità dei dati e dei metadati e mantiene snapshot del file system che possono essere utilizzati per backup o riparazione.
Creating a Btrfs layout is somewhat similar to LVM (described in Creating a Logical Volume Managament (LVM) Layout) with slightly different terminology. A Btrfs volume is the equivalent of an LVM volume group, and a Btrfs subvolume is similar to a LVM logical volume. An important difference to note is how Anaconda reports sizes for separate mount points: For LVM, the exact size of each logical volume is shown next to each mount point in the left pane, while with Btrfs, the total size of the entire volume is shown next to each subvolume.
Some partition types - notably the |

Follow the procedure below to create Btrfs volumes and subvolumes:
-
Click the
+
button at the bottom of the list showing existing mount points. A new dialog window will open. -
In the new dialog window, specify a mount point for which you want to create a separate logical volume - for example,
/
. Optionally, specify a size for the volume using standard units such as MB or GB (for example,50GB
). Then, clickAdd mount point
to add the volume and return to the main partitioning screen.When creating a mount point for swap on Btrfs, specify the mount point as
swap
. -
The mount point has now been created using the default settings, which means it has been created as an LVM logical volume. Select the newly created mount point in the left pane to configure it further, and convert it to a Btrfs subvolume by changing the
Device Type
option toBtrfs
. Then, clickUpdate Settings
in the bottom right corner of the screen. -
In the
Volume
menu, you can see that the subvolume has been assigned to an automatically created volume, which is named after the Fedora variant you are installing (for example,fedora-server00
. Click theModify
button under the drop-down menu to access the volume settings. -
In the
Configure Volume
dialog, you can change the volume’s name, itsRAID level
(see Device, File System and RAID Types for information about available RAID types), and you can also specify which physical devices (disks) this volume should reside on. You can select one or more disks which will be used to hold this volume by holding down Ctrl and clicking each disk in the list.If you select a redundant RAID type (such as
RAID1 (Redundancy)
), the volume will take up twice its actual size on your disks. A 5 GB volume with RAID1 will take up 10 GB of space.Puoi anche assicurarti che il volume sia crittografato selezionando l’opzione
Crittografa
; questo abiliterà la crittografia LUKS per l’intero volume. Consulta la Guida alla sicurezza di [citetitle]Fedora_, disponibile al https://docs.fedoraproject.org/, per informazioni sulla crittografia dei dischi con LUKS.Inoltre, puoi impostare una dimensione fissa per il volume selezionando l’opzione
Fisso
dal menuPolitica di dimensione
e inserendo una dimensione per il gruppo di volumi.After you finish configuring the Btrfs volume settings, click
Save
to return to the mainManual Partitioning
screen. -
If you need to create more than one Btrfs volume, open the
Volume
drop-down menu and select theCreate a new volume group
option. A new dialog window will open, identical to the one described in the previous step. Again, select a name, storage devices, encryption settings, RAID level and size policy for the new volume, and clickSave
. The new volume will then become available in theVolume Group
drop-down menu; you can then go through your existing mount points and change this setting to assign them to a different volume. -
Configure other settings specific to the subvolume - its
Mount Point
,Desired Capacity
,File System
, andName
. PressUpdate Settings
to apply any changes to the configuration.
Repeat this procedure for any additional Btrfs subvolumes you want to create. Note that when creating additional subvolumes, a new volume is not automatically created each time; instead, any additional subvolumes are assigned to an existing volume.
For each mount point you create, review its settings and make sure that it is assigned to the correct volume, that it has sufficient capacity, and that it has a descriptive name so you can identify the subvolume later if you need to.
Tipi di dispositivi, file system e RAID
Fedora supporta diversi tipi di dispositivi e file system. Le liste seguenti offrono una breve descrizione di ciascun dispositivo disponibile, file system e tipo di RAID, insieme a note sul loro utilizzo.
To select a device type or a file system of a partition or a logical volume, select it in the list in Manual Partitioning and select a Device Type
and a File System
from their respective drop-down menus on the right side of the screen. Then, click Update Settings
and repeat this process for all mount points you want to modify.
To configure software RAID, make sure that you have enough physical hard drives selected as installation targets (the number of separate drives required for each type of RAID is noted in its description). Then, choose a RAID level when creating or modifying a Btrfs volume or LVM volume group, or select Software RAID
as the device type to create software RAID with standard partitions. For detailed instructions, see Creating a Btrfs Layout, Creating a Logical Volume Managament (LVM) Layout, and Creating Software RAID as needed.
-
Partizione Standard
- Una partizione standard può contenere un file system o uno spazio di swap. Le partizioni standard sono più comunemente utilizzate per/boot
e per le partizioni di avvio BIOS ed EFI System. I volumi logici LVM o i sottovolumi Btrfs sono raccomandati per la maggior parte degli altri usi. Consulta Introduzione alle Partizioni del Disco per ulteriori informazioni sui concetti alla base delle partizioni fisiche. -
LVM
- ChoosingLVM
as theDevice Type
creates an LVM logical volume and a volume group to contain it (unless one already exists, in which case the new volume is assigned to the existing group). LVM can improve performance when using physical disks and allows you to use multiple disks for a single mount point. For information on how to create a logical volume, see Creating a Logical Volume Managament (LVM) Layout. Also see Understanding LVM for some additional information about LVM in general. -
LVM Thin Provisioning
- Using thin provisioning, you can manage a storage pool of free space, known as a thin pool, which can be allocated to an arbitrary number of devices when needed by applications. The thin pool can be expanded dynamically when needed for cost-effective allocation of storage space. -
RAID
- Creating two or more software RAID partitions allows you to create a software RAID device. One RAID partition is assigned to each disk on the system. See Creating Software RAID for instructions on creating software RAID. -
BTRFS
- Btrfs is a file system with several device-like features. It is capable of addressing and managing more files, larger files, and larger volumes than the ext2, ext3, and ext4 file systems. See Creating a Btrfs Layout for more information about creating Btrfs volumes.
-
ext4
- The ext4 file system is based on the ext3 file system and features a number of improvements. These include support for larger file systems and larger files, faster and more efficient allocation of disk space, no limit on the number of subdirectories within a directory, faster file system checking, and more robust journaling. Ext4 is the default and recommended file system used by Fedora Workstation and Cloud. The maximum supported size of a single ext4 file system is 50 TB. -
ext3
- The ext3 file system is based on the ext2 file system and has one main advantage - journaling. Using a journaling file system reduces time spent recovering a file system after a crash, as there is no need to check the file system for metadata consistency by running the fsck utility every time a crash occurs. -
ext2
- An ext2 file system supports standard Unix file types, including regular files, directories, or symbolic links. It provides the ability to assign long file names, up to 255 characters. -
swap
- Swap partitions are used to support virtual memory. In other words, data is written to a swap partition when there is not enough RAM to store the data your system is processing. A swap partition should always be created; see Recommended Partitioning Scheme for details such as the recommended size. -
xfs
- XFS is a highly scalable, high-performance file system that supports file systems up to 16 exabytes (approximately 16 million terabytes), files up to 8 exabytes (approximately 8 million terabytes), and directory structures containing tens of millions of entries. XFS also supports metadata journaling, which facilitates quicker crash recovery. The maximum supported size of a single XFS file system is 500 TB. Starting with Fedora 22, XFS is the default and recommended file system on Fedora Server.Tieni presente che la dimensione di un file system XFS non può attualmente essere ridotta senza distruggerlo e ricrearlo. Se prevedi di dover modificare spesso le dimensioni dei tuoi file system, si sconsiglia l’uso di XFS, poiché rende l’amministrazione notevolmente più dispendiosa in termini di tempo.
-
vfat
- The VFAT file system is a Linux file system that is compatible with Microsoft Windows long file names on the FAT file system. -
BIOS Boot
- A very small partition required for booting from a device with a GUID partition table (GPT) on BIOS systems and UEFI systems in BIOS compatibility mode. See Recommended Partitioning Scheme for details. -
EFI System Partition
- A small partition required for booting a device with a GUID partition table (GPT) on a UEFI system. See Recommended Partitioning Scheme for details.
-
RAID0 (Performance)
- Distributes data across multiple disks. Level 0 RAID offers increased performance over standard partitions and can be used to pool the storage of multiple disks into one large virtual device. Note that Level 0 RAIDs offer no redundancy and that the failure of one device in the array destroys data in the entire array. RAID 0 requires at least two disks. -
RAID1 (Redundancy)
- Mirrors all data from one partition onto one or more other disks. Additional devices in the array provide increasing levels of redundancy. RAID 1 requires at least two disks. -
RAID4 (Error Checking)
- Distributes data across multiple disks and uses one disk in the array to store parity information which safeguards the array in case any disk within the array fails. Because all parity information is stored on one disk, access to this disk creates a "bottleneck" in the array’s performance. Level 4 RAID requires at least three disks. -
RAID5 (Distributed Error Checking)
- Distributes data and parity information across multiple disks. Level 5 RAIDs therefore offer the performance advantages of distributing data across multiple disks, but do not share the performance bottleneck of level 4 RAIDs because the parity information is also distributed through the array. RAID 5 requires at least three disks. -
RAID6 (Redundant Error Checking)
- Level 6 RAIDs are similar to level 5 RAIDs, but instead of storing only one set of parity data, they store two sets. RAID 6 requires at least four disks. -
RAID10 (Performance, Redundancy)
- Level 10 RAIDs are nested RAIDs or hybrid RAIDs. They are constructed by distributing data over mirrored sets of disks. For example, a level 10 RAID array constructed from four RAID partitions consists of two mirrored pairs of striped partitions. RAID 10 requires at least four disks.
Schema di partizionamento consigliato
Nella maggior parte dei casi, dovrebbero sempre essere creati almeno i seguenti punti di montaggio:
/boot
- 500 MB-
This partition contains the operating system kernel, which allows Fedora to boot. It also contains other files used during the bootstrap process. Due to the limitations of most firmware, creating a separate, small standard partition for this directory is recommended. In most scenarios, a 500 MB
/boot
partition is adequate.If your system has a hardware RAID controller, be aware that some BIOS types do not support booting from it. In that case, the
/boot
partition must be created on a partition outside of the RAID array, such as on a separate hard drive.Nota inoltre che la directory
/boot
non può essere posizionata su un volume logico LVM o un sottovolume Btrfs. Utilizza una partizione standard. /
(root) - 10 GB-
This is where the root directory is located. The root directory is the top level of the directory structure. By default, all files are written to this partition unless a different partition is mounted in the path being written to (for example,
/boot
or/home
). If you follow the recommended scheme described in this section, this will be the partition where most software packages will be installed.For a minimal installation, a 5 GB root partition will be sufficient. However, for most common installations which include extra packages and a graphical user interface, the root partition should be at least 10 GB; with 20 GB being sufficient for most common use cases.
The
/
mount point is the top of the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy, and is referred to as the root file system, or root. The/root
directory, sometimes pronounced "slash-root", is the home directory for theroot
user. /home
- at least 10 GB-
To store user data separately from system data, create a dedicated mount point for the
/home
directory. This partition should be sized based on the amount of data that will be stored locally, number of users, and so on. This will allow you to upgrade or reinstall Fedora without erasing user data files. During the installation, a separate/home
partition will be created if there are 50 GB or more free space for your Fedora installation.When using Fedora as a workstation for normal use with a graphical environment, this mount point should have the most disk space assigned to it, as it will likely hold the most data (user settings, images, videos, etc).
- swap - based on your system parameters
-
Swap partitions support virtual memory; data is written to them when there is not enough RAM to store the data your system is processing. This partition’s size is a function of system memory workload, not total system memory, and therefore is not equal to the total system memory size. Therefore, it is important to analyze what applications a system will be running and the load those applications will serve in order to determine the system memory workload. Application providers and developers should be able to provide some guidance.
When the system runs out of swap space, the kernel terminates processes as the system RAM memory is exhausted. Configuring too much swap space results in storage devices being allocated but idle and is a poor use of resources. Too much swap space can also hide memory leaks. The maximum size for a swap partition and other additional information can be found in the
mkswap(8)
man page.La tabella seguente fornisce la dimensione consigliata di una partizione di swap in base alla quantità di RAM nel tuo sistema e se desideri abbastanza memoria per consentire l’ibernazione del sistema. Se lasci che il programma di installazione partizioni automaticamente il sistema, la dimensione della partizione di swap verrà stabilita seguendo queste linee guida. L’impostazione del partizionamento automatico presume che l’ibernazione non sia in uso e limita la dimensione massima della partizione di swap al 10% della dimensione totale del disco rigido. Se desideri impostare uno spazio di swap sufficiente per consentire l’ibernazione, o se vuoi impostare la dimensione della partizione di swap a più del 10% dello spazio di archiviazione del sistema, devi modificare manualmente il layout del partizionamento.
Table 2. Recommended System Swap Space Amount of RAM in the system Recommended swap space Recommended swap space if allowing for hibernation less than 2 GB
2 times the amount of RAM
3 times the amount of RAM
2 GB - 8 GB
Equal to the amount of RAM
2 times the amount of RAM
8 GB - 64 GB
0.5 times the amount of RAM
1.5 times the amount of RAM
more than 64 GB
workload dependent
hibernation not recommended
At the border between each range listed above (for example, a system with 2 GB, 8 GB, or 64 GB of system RAM), discretion can be exercised with regard to chosen swap space and hibernation support. If your system resources allow for it, increasing the swap space may lead to better performance.
Distributing swap space over multiple storage devices - particularly on systems with fast drives, controllers and interfaces - also improves swap space performance.
- BIOS Boot (1 MB) or EFI System Partition (200 MB)
-
The GRUB2 boot loader can be installed either in the Master Boot Record (MBR) or the GUID Partition Table (GPT) of the boot device. In order to determine which of these methods to use, the installation program considers the following variations:
- Systems with BIOS firmware and UEFI systems in BIOS compatibility mode
-
If the disk is already formatted, the partitioning scheme is retained. If the disk is not formatted, or you have erased all existing partitions from the disk, the installer will choose the following:
-
MBR if the size of the disk is less than 2 TB (terabytes)
-
GPT if the size of the disk is more than 2 TB
You can force the installer to use GPT on disks smaller than 2 TB by using the inst.gpt boot option as described in Boot Options. However, the opposite is not possible - you can not use MBR on disks larger than 2 TB.
You need to create a BIOS Boot partition with a size of 1 MB to install on a system with BIOS firmware if the disk containing the boot loader uses GPT. If the disk uses a MBR, no special partition is necessary on a BIOS system.
-
- Systems with UEFI firmware
-
Only GPT is allowed on UEFI systems. In order to install on a formatted disk with a MBR, it must be reformated and relabeled. All data currently on the disk will be lost.
UEFI-based systems require an EFI System Partition at least 50 MB in size (recommended size is 200 MB), regardless of the partitioning scheme.
If your system requires either a BIOS Boot partition or an EFI System Partition based on the requirements detailed above, this partition must be created as a standard physical partition. It can not reside on an LVM volume or a Btrfs subvolume.
Also note that if your system does not require any of these partitions, they will not be shown in the
File System
menu in mount point options.
Many systems have more partitions than the minimum listed above. Choose partitions based on your particular needs. See Advice on Partitions for additional information and advice.
Only assign storage capacity to those partitions you require immediately. You may allocate free space at any time, to meet needs as they occur. |
If you are not sure how best to configure the partitions for your computer, accept the automatic default partition layout provided by the installation program as described in Installation Destination.
Consigli sulle partizioni
Non esiste un modo migliore per partizionare ogni sistema; la configurazione ottimale dipende da come intendi utilizzare il sistema in fase di installazione. Tuttavia, i seguenti suggerimenti possono aiutarti a trovare il layout ottimale per le tue esigenze:
-
Consider encrypting any partitions and volumes which might contain sensitive data. Encryption prevents unauthorized people from accessing the data on the partitions, even if they have access to the physical storage device. In most cases, you should at least encrypt the
/home
partition, which contains user data. -
In some cases, creating separate mount points for directories other than
/
,/boot
and/home
may be useful; for example, on a server running a MySQL database, having a separate mount point for/var/lib/mysql
will allow you to preserve the database during a reinstallation without having to restore it from backup afterwards. However, having unnecessary separate mount points will make storage administration more difficult. -
Some special restrictions apply to certain directories with regards on which partitioning layouts can they be placed. Notably, the
/boot
directory must always be on a physical partition (not on an LVM volume or a Btrfs subvolume), and/usr
can not be on a Btrfs subvolume. -
Se sei nuovo a Linux, considera di consultare il Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard al https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_2.3/fhs-2.3.html per informazioni sui diversi directory di sistema e i loro contenuti.
-
Each kernel installed on your system requires approximately 20 MB on the
/boot
partition. The default partition size of 500 MB for/boot
should suffice for most common uses; increase the size of this partition if you plan to keep many kernels installed at the same time. -
The
/var
directory holds content for a number of applications, including the Apache web server, and is used by the DNF package manager to temporarily store downloaded package updates. Make sure that the partition or volume containing/var
has at least 3 GB. -
The contents of the
/var
directory usually change very often. This may cause problems with older solid state drives (SSDs), as they can handle a lower number of read/write cycles before becoming unusable. If your system root is on an SSD, consider creating a separate mount point for/var
on a classic (platter) HDD. -
The
/usr
directory holds the majority of software on a typical Fedora installation. The partition or volume containing this directory should therefore be at least 5 GB for minimal installations, and at least 10 GB for installations with a graphical environment. -
If
/usr
or/var
is partitioned separately from the rest of the root volume, the boot process becomes much more complex because these directories contain boot-critical components. In some situations, such as when these directories are placed on an iSCSI drive or an FCoE location, the system may either be unable to boot, or it may hang with aDevice is busy
error when powering off or rebooting.This limitation only applies to
/usr
or/var
, not to directories below them. For example, a separate partition for/var/www
will work without issues. -
Consider leaving a portion of the space in an LVM volume group unallocated. This unallocated space gives you flexibility if your space requirements change but you do not wish to remove data from other volumes. You can also select the
Thin provisioning
device type for the partition to have the unused space handled automatically by the volume. -
The size of an
XFS
file system can not be reduced - if you need to make a partition or volume with this file system smaller, you must back up your data, destroy the file system, and create a new, smaller one in its place. Therefore, if you expect needing to manipulate your partitioning layout later, you should use theext4
file system instead. -
Use Logical Volume Management (LVM) if you anticipate expanding your storage by adding more hard drives after the installation. With LVM, you can create physical volumes on the new drives, and then assign them to any volume group and logical volume as you see fit - for example, you can easily expand your system’s
/home
(or any other directory residing on a logical volume). -
Creating a BIOS Boot partition or an EFI System Partition may be necessary, depending on your system’s firmware, boot drive size, and boot drive disk label. See Recommended Partitioning Scheme for information about these partitions. Note that the graphical installer will not let you create a BIOS Boot or EFI System Partition if your system does not require one - in that case, they will be hidden from the menu.
-
Se hai bisogno di apportare modifiche alla configurazione di archiviazione dopo l’installazione, i repository Fedora offrono diversi strumenti che possono aiutarti. Se preferisci uno strumento da linea di comando, prova system-storage-manager.
kdump
Questo schermo è disabilitato per impostazione predefinita. Per abilitarlo durante l’installazione, devi usare l’opzione inst.kdump_addon=on nel menu di avvio. Consulta Opzioni di Installazione Avanzate per i dettagli e Il Menu di Avvio per istruzioni su come usare opzioni di avvio personalizzate. |
Use this screen to select whether or not Kdump will be activated on the installed system, and how much memory will be reserved for it if enabled.

L’applicazione Kdump è un meccanismo di dump del crash del kernel che, in caso di crash del sistema, cattura il contenuto della memoria del sistema al momento del guasto. Questa memoria catturata può essere analizzata per trovare la causa del crash. Se Kdump è abilitato, deve avere una piccola parte della memoria del sistema (RAM) riservata a sé stesso. Questa memoria riservata non sarà accessibile al kernel principale.
To enable Kdump on the installed system, check Enabled
. Then, select either Automatic
or Manual
memory reservation settings, and if you selected Manual
, enter the amount of memory to be reserved in megabytes into the Memory to be reserved
field.
The amount of memory which you should reserve is determined based on your system’s architecture (AMD64 and Intel 64 will have different requirements than IBM Power, for example) as well as the total amount of system memory. In most cases, automatic reservation will be satisfactory. If you insist on manual settings, see the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Kernel Crash Dump Guide for guidelines. This document also contains more in-depth information about how Kdump works, how to configure additional settings, and how to analyze a saved crash dump.
The Usable System Memory
readout below the reservation input field shows how much memory will be accessible to your main system once your selected amount of RAM is reserved.
Additional settings, such as the location where kernel crash dumps will be saved, can only be configured after the installation using either the |
After configuring Kdump settings, click Done in the top left corner to return to Installation Summary.
Rete & Host Name
La schermata Rete e Nome host viene utilizzata per configurare le interfacce di rete. Le opzioni selezionate qui saranno disponibili sia durante l’installazione (se necessarie per attività come il download di pacchetti da una posizione remota) sia nel sistema installato.
Network configuration is an expansive topic and many of the options available during the installation are beyond the scope of this document. For detailed information about networking, including both theoretical topics and specific instructions and examples, see the Fedora Networking Guide, available at https://docs.fedoraproject.org/. |

Le interfacce accessibili localmente vengono rilevate automaticamente dal programma di installazione e non possono essere aggiunte o eliminate manualmente. Tutte le interfacce rilevate sono elencate sul lato sinistro dello schermo. Fai clic su un’interfaccia nell’elenco per visualizzare la sua configurazione attuale (come indirizzo IP e DNS); i dettagli vengono visualizzati sul lato destro dello schermo.
Below the list of interfaces are two buttons. Use the +
button to add a virtual network interface (Team, Bond or VLAN) as described in Adding a Virtual Network Interface. To remove a previously created virtual interface, select it in the list and click the -
button.
To change settings such as IP addresses, DNS servers, or routing configuration for an existing interface (both virtual and physical), select the interface in the left pane and click Configure
in the bottom right corner of the screen. Available settings are described in Editing Network Interface Configuration.
Utilizzare l’interruttore ON
/OFF
nell’angolo in alto a destra per abilitare o disabilitare l’interfaccia attualmente selezionata.
Sotto l’elenco delle connessioni, inserisci un nome host per questo computer nel campo di input Nome host
. Il nome host può essere un nome di dominio completo (FQDN) nel formato nomehost.nomedominio, oppure un nome host breve senza nome di dominio. Molte reti dispongono di un servizio Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP
) che fornisce automaticamente un nome di dominio ai sistemi connessi; per consentire al servizio DHCP
di assegnare il nome di dominio a questa macchina, specifica solo il nome host breve.
Aggiunta di un’interfaccia di rete virtuale
Per aggiungere un’interfaccia di rete virtuale, fai clic sul pulsante +
in fondo all’elenco delle interfacce. Si aprirà una nuova finestra che ti chiederà di selezionare uno dei tre tipi disponibili di interfacce virtuali:
-
Bond
- NIC (Network Interface Controller) Bonding, un metodo per collegare più interfacce di rete fisiche insieme in un singolo canale vincolato. -
Team
- NIC Teaming, una nuova implementazione per aggregare i collegamenti, progettata per fornire un piccolo driver kernel per implementare la gestione rapida dei flussi di pacchetti e varie applicazioni per fare tutto il resto nello spazio utente. -
Vlan
(LAN virtuale) - Metodo per creare più domini di broadcast distinti, reciprocamente isolati.
Seleziona il tipo di interfaccia che desideri aggiungere e fai clic su Aggiungi
. Si aprirà un’altra finestra di dialogo che ti permetterà di modificare le impostazioni disponibili per il tipo di interfaccia scelto. Per informazioni sulle impostazioni disponibili, consulta le sezioni pertinenti della Guida di rete di Fedora, disponibile al https://docs.fedoraproject.org/. La documentazione di base è anche disponibile in Modifica della configurazione dell’interfaccia di rete.
Per accedere nuovamente alla finestra di dialogo delle impostazioni dopo averla chiusa, seleziona la stessa interfaccia nell’elenco delle interfacce configurate e fai clic su "Configura" nell’angolo in basso a destra dello schermo. Per rimuovere un’interfaccia virtuale, selezionala nell’elenco e fai clic sul pulsante "-" in basso. |
Modifica della configurazione dell’interfaccia di rete
Questa sezione descrive solo le impostazioni più importanti per una tipica connessione cablata utilizzata durante l’installazione. Molte delle opzioni disponibili non devono essere modificate nella maggior parte degli scenari di installazione e non vengono trasferite al sistema installato. La configurazione di altri tipi di reti è in generale simile, anche se i parametri specifici di configurazione possono essere diversi. Per saperne di più sulla configurazione della rete dopo l’installazione, consulta il Fedora Networking Guide, disponibile al https://docs.fedoraproject.org/.
To configure a network connection manually, select that connection in the list on the left side of the screen, and click the Configure
button. A dialog will appear that allows you to configure the selected connection. The configuration options presented depends on the connection type - the available options will be slightly different depending on whether it is a physical interface (wired or wireless network interface controller) or a virtual interface (Bond, Team or Vlan) which you previously configured in Adding a Virtual Network Interface.. A full description of all configuration settings for all connection types is beyond the scope of this document; see the Networking Guide for details.
The most common and useful options in the configuration dialog are:
- Enable or disable the connection by default
-
Nella scheda
Generale
della finestra di dialogo della configurazione, puoi selezionare o deselezionare la casellaConnetti automaticamente a questa rete quando è disponibile
per consentire o impedire a questa connessione di connettersi di default. Se abilitato su una connessione cablata, il sistema si connetterà tipicamente durante l’avvio (a meno che non si scolleghi il cavo di rete); su una connessione wireless, significa che l’interfaccia tenterà di connettersi a qualsiasi rete wireless conosciuta nel raggio d’azione.Additionally, you can allow or disallow all users on the system from connecting to this network using the
All users may connect to this network
option. If you disable this option, onlyroot
will be able to connect to this network.It is not possible to only allow a specific user other than
root
to use this interface, because no other users are created at this point during the installation. If you need a connection for a different user, you must configure it after the installation. - Set up static IPv4 or IPv6 settings
-
By default, both
IPv4
andIPv6
are set to automatic configuration depending on current network settings. This means that addresses such as the local IP address, DNS address, and other settings will be detected automatically each time the interface connects to a network. In many cases, this is sufficient, but you can also provide static configuration in theIPv4 Settings
andIPv6 Settings
, respectively.To set static network configuration, navigate to one of the settings tabs and select a method other than
Automatic
(for example,Manual
) from theMethod
drop-down menu. This will enable theAddresses
field below.In the
IPv6 Settings
tab, you can also set the method toIgnore
to disableIPv6
on this interface.Then, click
Add
on the right side and add a set of settings:Address
,Netmask
(forIPv4
),Prefix
(forIPv6
), andGateway
.The
DNS servers
field accepts one or more IP addresses of DNS servers - for example,10.0.0.1,10.0.0.8
.The final option in both tabs is
Require IPvX addressing for this connection to complete
. Select this option in theIPv4
tab to only allow this connection ifIPv4
was successful; the same principle applies to this setting in theIPv6
tab. If this option remains disabled for bothIPv4
andIPv6
, the interface will be able to connect if configuration succeeds on either IP protocol. - Configure routes
-
Nelle schede
Impostazioni IPv4
eImpostazioni IPv6
, fai clic sul pulsanteInstradamenti
nell’angolo in basso a destra per configurare le impostazioni di routing per uno specifico protocollo IP su un’interfaccia. Si aprirà una nuova finestra di dialogo che ti permetterà diAggiungere
un percorso specifico.If you confire at least one static route, you can disallow all routes not specifically configured here by enabling the
Ignore automatically obtained routes
.Select
Use this connection only for resources on its network
to prevent this connection from becoming the default route. This option can be selected even if you did not configure any static routes. Enabling this option means that this route will only be used when necessary to access certain resources, such as intranet pages which require a local or VPN connection. Another (default) route will be used for publicly available resources if possible. Note that unlike the additional routes configured in this dialog, this setting will be transferred to the installed system. Also note that this option is only useful when more than one interface is configured.When you finish configuring the interface’s routing settings, click
OK
to return to the configuration dialog.
Once you finish configuring the interface, click Save
in the configuration window’s bottom right corner to save your settings and return to Network & Hostname.
Configurazione e avanzamento dell’installazione
Lo schermo Configurazione
viene visualizzato dopo aver completato la configurazione di tutti gli elementi richiesti nella Somma Riazzuntiva dell’Installazione e aver premuto il pulsante Inizia installazione
. Da questo momento, il processo di installazione inizia effettivamente e vengono apportate modifiche ai dischi selezionati. Non è possibile tornare alla Somma Riazzuntiva dell’Installazione
e modificare le impostazioni configurate lì; se hai bisogno di farlo, devi attendere il completamento del processo di installazione, riavviare il sistema, accedere e cambiare le impostazioni sul sistema installato.

Nella parte superiore dello schermo sono disponibili due opzioni aggiuntive che ti permettono di configurare le impostazioni di autenticazione: la password root
e un account utente aggiuntivo. È necessario configurare la password root
per completare l’installazione; la creazione di un account utente può essere saltata. Se lo fai, ti verrà chiesto di creare un account utente non root al termine dell’installazione e dopo il riavvio del sistema.
La parte inferiore dello schermo mostra una barra di progresso e un messaggio che informa sullo stato attuale dell’installazione. Quando l’installazione è completata e la password di root
è stata impostata, puoi premere il pulsante Termina configurazione
per riavviare il computer e accedere al tuo nuovo sistema Fedora installato.
Prima di completare l’installazione e riavviare, rimuovi il supporto (CD, DVD o chiavetta USB) utilizzato per avviare l’installazione oppure assicurati che il sistema tenti di avviarsi dal disco rigido prima di usare i supporti rimovibili. Altrimenti, il computer avvierà nuovamente l’installazione invece del sistema installato. |
Password di root
La schermata Password di root viene utilizzata per configurare la password root del sistema. Questa password servirà per accedere all’account amministratore (noto anche come superutente), utilizzato per le attività di amministrazione del sistema come l’installazione e l’aggiornamento dei pacchetti software, la modifica delle configurazioni di sistema a livello globale come impostazioni di rete e firewall, opzioni di archiviazione e l’aggiunta o modifica di utenti, gruppi e permessi sui file.
The root
account will always be created during the installation. However, you should always also create a normal user accont in Create User and use that account to log in to the system. Only switch to the administrator account only when you need to perform a task which requires administrator access.
The |

Once you choose a strong password, enter it in the Root Password
field. The characters you write will be displayed as dots for security. Then, type the same password into the Confirm
field to ensure you entered it properly. Both entered passwords must be the same.
As you enter the password, it will be evaluated and the installer will determine the password’s strength. If the installer considers your password weak, a message will appear at the bottom of the screen, explaining which aspect of your chosen password is considered insuficient. For example:
The password you have provided is weak:
The password is shorter than 5 characters.
If a message similar to the above appears, it is highly recommended to choose a different, stronger password.
Once you configure the superuser password, click Done
in the top left corner to return to Configuration and Installation Progress. If you selected a weak password, you must press the button twice.
Creazione utente
La schermata Crea utente consente di creare e configurare un account utente normale (non root) durante l’installazione. Qui è possibile configurare un solo account utente; se sono necessari più account, attendere il completamento dell’installazione, riavviare il sistema e poi creare gli altri account utilizzando il comando useradd nel terminale, oppure un’utilità grafica per la gestione degli utenti (ad esempio, la schermata Utenti nel menu Impostazioni di [application]GNOME).
Creating a normal user account is not required to finish the installation; however, it is highly recommended. If you do not create one, you will have to log in to the system as |

Per configurare un account utente, compila il campo Nome completo
(ad esempio, John Smith
) e Nome utente
(ad esempio, jsmith
). Il Nome utente
verrà utilizzato per accedere dalla riga di comando; se installi un ambiente grafico, il tuo gestore di login grafico utilizzerà il Nome completo
.
Make sure that the Require a password to use this account
check box is enabled, enter a password you want to use for this account into the Password
field. The characters you write will be displayed as dots for security. Then, repeat the same password in the Confirm password
field below to ensure you entered it properly. Both entered passwords must be the same.
As you enter the password, it will be evaluated and the installer will determine the password’s strength. If the installer considers your password weak, a message will appear at the bottom of the screen, explaining which aspect of your chosen password is considered insuficient. For example:
The password you have provided is weak:
The password is shorter than 5 characters.
If a message similar to the above appears, it is highly recommended to choose a different, stronger password.
The Make this user administrator
check box gives the user you are creatng administrative rights (by adding this user into the wheel
group), allowing this user to use the sudo command to perform tasks normally only available to root
using only the user password, instead of the root
password. This may be more convenient, but can also pose a security risk.
If you give administrator privileges to an user, make sure that the account is protected by a strong password. Never give an user administrator privileges without requiring any password for the account. See the Fedora Security Guide, available at the https://docs.fedoraproject.org/, for detailed information about password security including guidelines for selecting strong passwords. |
To additional settings, click the Advanced
button below the password input fields. A new dialog window titled Advanced User Configuration
will open. This dialog is described in the following section.
Advanced User Configuration
The Advanced User Configuration
dialog allows you to change the following settings for the new user account.

-
The user’s
Home directory
(/home/username
by default). -
The user’s ID (UID). The default value is 1000. UIDs 0-999 are reserved by the system so they can not be assigned to an user.
-
The the group ID (GID) of the user’s default group. The default group name will be the same as the user name, and its default GID is 1000. GIDs 0-999 are reserved by the system so they can not be assigned to an user’s group.
-
The user’s group membership. The user account you are creating will always have one default group membership (the user’s default group with an ID set in the
Specify a group ID manually
field). In theGroup Membership
field, you can specify additional groups as a comma-separated list. Groups which do not already exist will be created; you can specify custom GIDs for them in parentheses. If you do not specify a custom GID for a new group, it will be assigned automatically.
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