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The linker can now put all code and read-only data sections into a separate segment with only READ and EXECUTE permissions. All writable data can be placed into a separate segment with READ and WRITE permissions. This makes programs larger, but safer. The linker’s behavior can be controlled via a command line option, and the default set by a configure option.

The assembler can generate build notes for any input files which do not contain their own notes. Again this is controlled via a command line option whose default is set by a configure option.

The x86 assembler supports a new -O[2|s] command-line option to enable alternate, shorter instruction encoding. It also supports a ,nop pseudo-op to simplify the insertion of NOP instruction sequences.

The AArch64 assembler will now warn a combintation of an instruction and a register name are invalid. The AArch64 disassembler will now also flag inconsistent instruction encodings.

The ar program will now accept an O modifier to its command line, which causes the offsets of members within the archive to be displayed alongside the other information.