Using the DNF software package manager
DNF is a software package manager that installs, updates, and removes packages on Fedora and is the successor to YUM (Yellow-Dog Updater Modified).
DNF makes it easy to maintain packages by automatically checking for dependencies and determines the actions required to install packages. This method eliminates the need to manually install or update the package, and its dependencies, using the rpm command. DNF is now the default software package management tool in Fedora.
Usage
dnf は yum とまったく同様に使えますので、インストールもリムーブも同様の方法です。
To search the repositories for a package type:
# dnf search packagename
パッケージをインストールしたいなら:
# dnf install packagename
パッケージを削除したいなら:
# dnf remove packagename
Other common DNF commands include:
-
autoremove- removes packages installed as dependencies that are no longer required by currently installed programs. -
check-update- checks for updates, but does not download or install the packages. -
downgrade- reverts to the previous version of a package. -
info- provides basic information about the package including name, version, release, and description. -
reinstall- 現在インストールしてあるパッケージを再インストールします。 -
upgrade- パッケージが新しくなっているかリポジトリをチェックして、新しいのがあればアップデートします。 -
exclude- exclude a package from the transaction.
For more DNF commands refer to the man pages by typing man dnf at the command-line, or DNF Read The Docs
Automatic Updates
The dnf-automatic package is a component that allows automatic download and installation of updates. It can automatically monitor and report, via e-mail, the availability of updates or send a log about downloaded packages and installed updates.
For more information, refer to the Read the Docs: DNF-Automatic page.
System Upgrades
The Fedora system can be upgraded directly with DNF, or with the DNF system upgrade plugin. Refer to the DNF System Upgrade document for more details.
Language Support Using DNF
DNF can be used to install or remove Language Support. A detailed description with a list of available languages can be found on Language Support Using Dnf page.
Plugins
The core DNF functionality can be extended with plugins. There are officially supported Core DNF plugins and also third-party Extras DNF Plugins. To install them, run
# dnf install dnf-plugins-core-PLUGIN_NAME
or
# dnf install dnf-plugins-extras-PLUGIN_NAME
Excluding Packages From Transactions
Sometimes it is useful to ignore specific packages from transactions, such as updates. One such case, for example, could be when an update includes a regression or a bug. DNF allows you to exclude a package from the transaction:
-
using the command line
sudo dnf upgrade --exclude=packagename
-
using its configuration files
You can add a line to /etc/dnf/dnf.conf to exclude packages:
excludepkgs=packagename
This can also be added to the specific repository configuration files in /etc/yum.repos.d/. Globs may be used here to list multiple packages, and each specification must be separated by a comma. If you have used this configuration, you can disable it in individual DNF commands using using the --disableexcludes command line switch.
If you use a GUI update application which does not allow you to specify packages to exclude when they run, this method can be used.
Using the DNF Versionlock plugin
You can also use the DNF versionlock plugin to limit the packages that are included in a transaction. It allows you to list what versions of particular packages should be considered in a transaction. All other versions of the specified packages will be ignored. The plugin is part of dnf-plugins-core package and can be installed using the command below:
sudo dnf install 'dnf-command(versionlock)'
To lock the currently installed version of a package, use:
sudo dnf versionlock add package
To remove the version lock, use:
sudo dnf versionlock delete package
The list command can be used to list all locked packages, while the clear command will delete all locked entries.
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