TigerVNC
TigerVNC
(Tiger Virtual Network Computing) is a system for graphical desktop sharing which allows you to remotely control other computers.
TigerVNC
works on the client-server network: a server shares its output (vncserver
) and a client (vncviewer
) connects to the server.
Unlike in Fedora 15 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, |
VNC 서버
vncserver
is a utility which starts a VNC (Virtual Network Computing) desktop. It runs Xvnc with appropriate options and starts a window manager on the VNC desktop. vncserver
allows users to run separate sessions in parallel on a machine which can then be accessed by any number of clients from anywhere.
VNC 서버 구성
-
A configuration file named
/etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
is required. To create this file, copy the/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
file asroot
:# cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
There is no need to include the display number in the file name because
systemd
automatically creates the appropriately named instance in memory on demand, replacing'%i'
in the service file by the display number. For a single user it is not necessary to rename the file. For multiple users, a uniquely named service file for each user is required, for example, by adding the user name to the file name in some way. See Configuring VNC Server for Two Users for details. -
Edit
/etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
, replacing USER with the actual user name. Leave the remaining lines of the file unmodified. The-geometry
argument specifies the size of the VNC desktop to be created; by default, it is set to1024x768
.ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l USER -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i -geometry 1280x1024" PIDFile=/home/USER/.vnc/%H%i.pid
-
변경을 저장합니다.
-
변경 사항을 즉시 적용하려면, 다음 명령을 실행하세요:
#
systemctl daemon-reload
-
Set the password for the user or users defined in the configuration file. Note that you need to switch from
root
to USER first.# su - USER $
vncpasswd
Password: Verify:The stored password is not encrypted; anyone who has access to the password file can find the plain-text password.
Proceed to VNC 서버 시작하기.
두 명의 사용자를 위한 VNC 서버 구성하기
If you want to configure more than one user on the same machine, create different template-type service files, one for each user.
-
Create two service files, for example
vncserver-USER_1@.service
andvncserver-USER_2@.service
. In both these files substitute USER with the correct user name. -
사용자를 위한 비밀번호 설정:
$ su - USER_1 $ vncpasswd Password: Verify: $ su - USER_2 $ vncpasswd Password: Verify:
VNC 서버 시작
To start or enable the service, specify the display number directly in the command. The file configured above in Configuring the first VNC connection works as a template, in which %i
is substituted with the display number by systemd
. With a valid display number, execute the following command:
# systemctl start vncserver@:display_number.service
You can also enable the service to start automatically at system start. Then, when you log in, vncserver
is automatically started. As root
, issue a command as follows:
# systemctl enable vncserver@:display_number.service
At this point, other users are able to use a VNC viewer program to connect to the VNC server using the display number and password defined. Provided a graphical desktop is installed, an instance of that desktop will be displayed. It will not be the same instance as that currently displayed on the target machine.
두 명의 사용자와 두 명의 다른 표시를 위한 VNC 서버 구성하기
For the two configured VNC servers, vncserver-USER_1@.service and vncserver-USER_2@.service, you can enable different display numbers. For example, the following commands will cause a VNC server for USER_1 to start on display 3, and a VNC server for USER_2 to start on display 5:
# systemctl start vncserver-USER_1@:3.service # systemctl start vncserver-USER_2@:5.service
VNC 세션 종료
Similarly to enabling the vncserver
service, you can disable the automatic start of the service at system start:
# systemctl disable vncserver@:display_number.service
Or, when your system is running, you can stop the service by issuing the following command as root
:
# systemctl stop vncserver@:display_number.service
VNC 표시기
vncviewer
is the program which shows the shared graphical user interfaces and controls the server.
For operating the vncviewer
, there is a pop-up menu containing entries which perform various actions such as switching in and out of full-screen mode or quitting the viewer. Alternatively, you can operate vncviewer
through the terminal. Enter vncviewer -h on the command line to list vncviewer
's parameters.
VNC 표시기 설치하기
To install the TigerVNC client, vncviewer>, issue the following command as root
:
# dnf install tigervnc
VNC 서버로 연결 중
Once the VNC server is configured, you can connect to it from any VNC viewer. In order to do so, issue the vncviewer command in the following format:
vncviewer address:port_number
Where address is an IP
or host name.
With the IP
address 192.168.0.4
and display number 3 the command looks as follows:
$ vncviewer 192.168.0.4:3
VNC를 위한 방화벽 구성하기
When using a non-encrypted connection, firewalld
might block the connection. To allow firewalld
to pass the VNC packets, you can open specific ports to TCP
traffic. When using the -via
option, traffic is redirected over SSH
which is enabled by default in firewalld
.
The default port of VNC server is 5900. To reach the port through which a remote desktop will be accessible, sum the default port and the user’s assigned display number. For example, for the second port: 2 + 5900 = 5902. |
For displays 0
to 3
, make use of firewalld
's support for the VNC service by means of the service
option as described below. Note that for display numbers greater than 3
, the corresponding ports will have to be opened specifically as explained in Opening Ports in firewalld.
-
방화벽
설정과 관련한 정보를 보려면 다음 명령을 실행하세요:$ firewall-cmd --list-all
-
To allow all VNC connections from a specific address, use a command as follows:
# firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.122.116" service name=vnc-server accept' 성공
See the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Security Guide for more information on the use of firewall rich language commands.
-
위의 설정을 확인하려면, 다음과 같은 명령을 사용하세요:
# firewall-cmd --list-all public (default, active) interfaces: bond0 bond0.192 sources: services: dhcpv6-client ssh ports: masquerade: no forward-ports: icmp-blocks: rich rules: rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.122.116" service name="vnc-server" accept
To open a specific port or range of ports make use of the --add-port
option to the firewall-cmd command Line tool. For example, VNC display 4
requires port 5904
to be opened for TCP
traffic.
-
To open a port for
TCP
traffic in the public zone, issue a command asroot
as follows:# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5904/tcp 성공
-
To view the ports that are currently open for the public zone, issue a command as follows:
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports 5904/tcp
A port can be removed using the firewall-cmd --zone=zone --remove-port=number/protocol command.
For more information on opening and closing ports in firewalld
, see the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Security Guide.
SSH를 사용하여 VNC 서버로 연결하기
VNC is a clear text network protocol with no security against possible attacks on the communication. To make the communication secure, you can encrypt your server-client connection by using the -via
option. This will create an SSH
tunnel between the VNC server and the client.
The format of the command to encrypt a VNC server-client connection is as follows:
$ vncviewer -via user@host:display_number
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`SSH`를 사용하여 VNC 서버에 연결하려면, 다음과 같은 명령을 입력하세요:
$ vncviewer -via USER_2@192.168.2.101:3
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When you are prompted to, type the password, and confirm by pressing Enter.
-
A window with a remote desktop appears on your screen.
If you prefer only encrypted connections, you can prevent unencrypted connections altogether by using the -localhost
option in the systemd.service
file, the ExecStart line:
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l user -c "/usr/bin/vncserver -localhost %i"
This will stop vncserver
from accepting connections from anything but the local host and port-forwarded connections sent using SSH
as a result of the -via
option.
`SSH`를 사용하는데 더 자세한 정보를 위해 OpenSSH를 참고하세요.