技术信息

本页面提供了 Fedora Silverblue 相关的背景技术信息，包括采用的核心技术和文件系统组织结构。

一般用户无需了解这些信息，本页面仅为那些对 Fedora Silverblue 实现细节感兴趣的开发者准备。

ostree 和 rpm-ostree

ostree 是构建、部署和更新 Fedora Silverblue 所采用的关键技术。ostree 的工作原理和常见的版本控制系统差不多，但是 ostree 掌管的是整个文件系统目录树。我们也常常称之为『一个管理系统二进制文件的 Git 系统』。

对于 Fedora Silverblue 而言，ostree 会被用于部署和更新系统映像（也就是 / 下没有被链接到 /var 的所有目录）。ostree 也被用于更新 grub.cfg 以使新系统出现在引导选单。

rpm-ostree 基于 ostree 而来，它使得在 ostree 映像上层叠 RPM 成为可能。在 Fedora Silverblue 安装 RPM 也是通过 rpm-ostree 实现的。

当你通过 rpm-ostree 安装软件，层叠了有关 RPM 包的新系统映像也会随之构建。要使 RPM 安装生效，你需要重启系统以实用新的系统映像。在更新系统映像时，rpm-ostree 也会妥善处理层叠的软件包。

Fedora Silverblue 文件系统组织结构

On Fedora Silverblue, the root filesystem (/) is immutable. The /usr directory and everything below it is read-only.

The /etc and /var directories are respectively used to store configuration files and runtime state and are thus writable. Symlinks are used to make traditional state-carrying directories available in their expected locations. This includes:

  • /home → /var/home

  • /opt → /var/opt

  • /srv → /var/srv

  • /root → /var/roothome

  • /usr/local → /var/usrlocal

  • /mnt→ /var/mnt

  • /tmp → /sysroot/tmp

这意味着用户目录分区应该被挂载到 /var/home。

Since Fedora Linux 37, the /sysroot directory is also mounted read-only.

The /boot and /boot/efi directories are currently also mounted as writable but there are plans to mount them read-only in the future or even not mount them at all. See Mount /boot as Read Only by default and Do not mount /boot/efi by default.

For a more detailed explanation of Fedora Silverblue’s filesystem layout, refer to the libostree documentation.

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