在 Linux 中创建分区

Linux 中的磁盘分区

在 Linux 中创建和删除分区是一种常规做法，因为存储设备（如硬盘驱动器和 USB 驱动器）必须以某种方式构建才能使用。在大多数情况下，大型存储设备被划分为称为分区的单独部分。分区还允许您将硬盘驱动器划分为隔离的部分，其中每个部分都表现为自己的硬盘驱动器。如果运行多个操作系统，分区特别有用。

Creating a Disk Partition in Linux

This procedure describes how to partition a storage disk in Linux using the parted command.

Procedure

List the partitions using the parted -l command to identify the storage device you want to partition. Typically, the first hard disk (/dev/sda or /dev/vda) will contain the operating system, so look for another disk to find the one you want. For example:

sudo parted -l
Model: ATA RevuAhn_850X1TU5 (scsi)
Disk /dev/vdc: 512GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End    Size   Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  525MB  524MB  primary  ext4         boot
 2      525MB   512GB  512GB  primary               lvm

Open the storage device. Use the parted command to begin working with the selected storage device. For example:
```
sudo parted /dev/vdc
GNU Parted 3.3
Using /dev/vdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)
```
Be sure to indicate the specific device you want to partition. If you just enter parted without a device name, it will randomly select a storage device to modify.

Set the partition table type to gpt, then enter Yes to accept it.

(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: the existing disk label on /dev/vdc will be destroyed
and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? Yes

The mklabel and mktable commands are both used for making a partition table on a storage device. At the time of writing, the supported partition tables are: aix, amiga, bsd, dvh, gpt, mac, ms-dos, pc98, sun, atari, and loop. Use help mklabel to get a list of supported partition tables. Remember mklabel will not make a partition, rather it will make a partition table.

Review the partition table of the storage device.

(parted) print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdc: 1396MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

Create a new partition using the following command. For example, 1396 MB on partition 0:

(parted) mkpart primary 0 1396MB

Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance
Ignore/Cancel? I

(parted) print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdc: 1396MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      17.4kB  1396MB  1396MB               primary

Providing a partition name under GPT is a must; in the above example, primary is the name, not the partition type. In a GPT partition table, the partition type is used as partition name.

Quit using the quit command. Changes are automatically saved when you quit parted.
```
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
```

Help command for creating a new partition

To get help on how to make a new partition, type: help mkpart.

(parted) help mkpart
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition

        PART-TYPE is one of: primary, logical, extended
        FS-TYPE is one of: udf, btrfs, nilfs2, ext4, ext3, ext2, fat32, fat16, hfsx, hfs+, hfs, jfs, swsusp,
        linux-swap(v1), linux-swap(v0), ntfs, reiserfs, hp-ufs, sun-ufs, xfs, apfs2, apfs1, asfs, amufs5,
        amufs4, amufs3, amufs2, amufs1, amufs0, amufs, affs7, affs6, affs5, affs4, affs3, affs2, affs1,
        affs0, linux-swap, linux-swap(new), linux-swap(old)
        START and END are disk locations, such as 4GB or 10%.  Negative values count from the end of the
        disk.  For example, -1s specifies exactly the last sector.

        'mkpart' makes a partition without creating a new file system on the partition.  FS-TYPE may be
        specified to set an appropriate partition ID.

Setting filesystem type (FS-TYPE) will not create an ext4 filesystem on /dev/vdc1. You still have to create the ext4 filesystem with mkfs.ext4.
A DOS partition table’s partition types are primary, logical, and extended.
Providing a partition name under GPT is a must. In a GPT partition table, the partition type is used as the partition name.

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