Empezar

Fedora Kinoite está diseñado para ser fácil y directo de usar y no requerir, generalmente, un conocimiento especializado. Sin embargo, Fedora Kinoite está construido de forma diferente a otros sistemas operativos y hay, por lo tanto, algunas cosas útiles que saber.

Fedora Kinoite tiene diferentes opciones para instalar software, en comparación con Fedora KDE Spin estándar (u otras distribuciones Linux basadas en paquetes). Estas incluyen:

  • Aplicaciones Flatpak: esta es la forma principal en que las aplicaciones (GUI) se instalan en Fedora Kinoite.

  • Caja de herramientas: Usada principalmente para aplicaciones CLI; herramientas de desarrollo, de depuración, etc., pero también tiene soporte para aplicaciones gráficas.

  • Capas de Paquetes: La mayoría de los paquetes Fedora pueden ser instalados en el sistema con la ayuda de capas de paquetes. De forma predeterminada el sistema trabaja en modo de imagen pura, pero las capas de paquetes son útiles para cosas como libvirt, controladores, etc.

Para información sobre Flatpak y capas de paquetes, vea abajo.

Vea la página dedicada a la caja de herramientas para empezar con ella.

Flatpak

Flatpak es la principal manera en la que las aplicaciones pueden ser instaladas en Fedora Kinoite (para más información vea flatpak.org). Flatpak funciona de inmediato en Fedora Kinoite y Fedora proporciona una pequeña (pero creciente) colección de aplicaciones que pueden ser instaladas.

La otra fuente principal de aplicaciones Flatpak es Flathub, que proporciona un gran repositorio de aplicaciones Flatpak que pueden ser instaladas.

Configurar Flathub

Para configurar Flathub en Fedora Kinoite, abra la página de configuración de Flathub para Fedora y pulse el botón “Flathub repository file” para descargar la configuración Flathub.

sfg flathub fedora
Figura 1. Página de configuración rápida de Fedora

Una ventana desplegable mostrará una opción de descarga del archivo. La opción “Open with” (“Abrir con”) debería mostrar “Discover (default)” (“Descubrir (predeterminado)”). Pulse el botón “OK” para iniciar la descarga.

sfg flathub download
Figura 2. Opciones de descarga Flathub

Después de completar la descarga, se abrirá una nueva ventana mostrando el repositorio Flathub. Para iniciar la instalación del repositorio Flathub, pulse el botón “Install” (1). Necesitará autenticarse en la siguiente ventana para seguir con la instalación.

sfg flathub install
Figura 3. Flathub install window

After the repository installation process is complete, the window will be updated to show a “Remove" button in place of the “Install” button.

Alternatively, you can use the following command from the terminal:

$ flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

Installing Flatpak apps from Flathub

Once the Flathub repository has been setup, it can be used to install Flatpak apps. This can be done directly from the Plasma Discover application, or apps can be browsed on the Flathub website.

If you choose to install apps from the Flathub website, clicking "Install" will download a file which will be opened by the Plasma Discover application, which can then be used to install the app. For example, to install LibreOffice, you first search for and open the LibreOffice page, and then press the “Install” button.

After clicking the “Install” button, a download information window will be shown. Verify the correct Flatpak has been downloaded and then click on the “OK” button to begin installing the LibreOffice application.

sfg libreoffice install
Figura 4. LibreOffice Flatpak download

Once the Flatpak is downloaded, the Plasma Discover application will open a new window with an “Install” button. Click this button to begin installation.

Alternatively, each application on flathub.org can be installed through the terminal by running the installation command at the bottom of the page that should look something like this:

$ flatpak install flathub <package-name>

As an example, Firefox can be installed by running the following command which can be found on Firefox’s flathub page:

$ flatpak install flathub org.mozilla.firefox

Flatpak command line

Additional details about the flatpak command line interface can be found in the official Flatpak documentation.

Package layering

Package layering works by modifying your Fedora Kinoite installation. As the name implies, it works by extending the packages from which Fedora Kinoite is composed.

Good examples of packages to be layered would be:

  • fish: An alternative Unix shell

  • sway: A Wayland tiling compositor

  • libvirt: The libvirt daemon

Most (but not all) RPM packages provided by Fedora can be installed on Fedora Kinoite using this method.

Currently, using package layering creates a new "deployment", or bootable filesystem root. It does not affect your current root. This preserves rollback and the transactional model, but means that the system must be rebooted after a package has been layered or updated. You can alternatively use rpm-ostree install --apply-live <pkg> to also temporarily apply the change directly to your currently booted deployment. It’s generally expected that you use package layering sparingly, and use flatpak and dnf install inside a toolbox etc.

Package layering is generally done from the command line. However, the Software application does rely on it for installing a small number of apps that are currently difficult to install as Flatpaks.

Installing packages

Packages can be installed on Fedora Kinoite using:

$ rpm-ostree install <package name>

This will download the package and any required dependencies, and recompose your Fedora Kinoite image with them. rpm-ostree uses standard Fedora package names, which can be searched with rpm-ostree search since Fedora Kinoite 39, or using DNF inside a toolbox for previous versions.

Once a package has been installed in this manner, it will be kept up-to-date as new versions are released and as the base operating system is updated.

Replacing packages

In some scenarios, you may want to test out a new version of podman or kernel or other packages that live on the host. The rpm-ostree override command can be used to replace a package with a different version. You can download the package locally and run:

$ rpm-ostree override replace <path to package>

Or you can override packages without downloading using links from koji or bodhi. For example:

$ rpm-ostree override replace https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org//packages/podman/3.1.2/1.fc34/x86_64/podman-3.1.2-1.fc34.x86_64.rpm https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org//packages/podman/3.1.2/1.fc34/x86_64/podman-plugins-3.1.2-1.fc34.x86_64.rpm

You may also use override remove to effectively "hide" packages; they will still exist in the underlying base layer, but will not appear in the booted root.

Removing and replacing packages using package layering is not generally recommended. For more information, see the rpm-ostree documentation.

Adding packages from external repositories

See Adding external package repositories.

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