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설치 준비

This chapter describes the steps you need take before you begin the installation. Not every step must be strictly followed - for example, if you plan to use the default installation settings, you do not need to gather system information such as disk device labels/UUIDs or network information such as the system’s IP address. However, you should still go through this chapter, as it also describes the available types of installation media and how to prepare boot media and installation sources.

향상 또는 설치?

만약 이미 페도라가 설치되어 있고 자신의 설치를 최신 버전으로 향상하려는 경우에, 다음과 같은 두 가지 기본 방법이 있습니다:

dnf system upgrade 사용하여 자동으로 향상하기

당신의 시스템을 향상하는데 선호하는 방법은 dnf 시스템 향상 유틸리티를 사용하여 자동 향상하는 것입니다. 자동으로 향상하는 정보는, 다음 페도라 위키 DNF 시스템 향상을 참조하세요.

수동 재설치

[application]*dnf 시스템 향상*에 의존하는 대신에 최신 버전의 페도라를 수동으로 향상 할 수 있습니다. 이는 새로 설치를 수행하는 것처럼 설치 프로그램을 부팅하고, 기존 페도라 시스템을 탐지하며 다른 파티션과 볼륨에서 자료를 보존하면서 루트 파티션을 덮어 쓰는 것이 포함됩니다. 필요하다면, 동일한 처리는 시스템을 재설치 하는데 사용 할 수도 있습니다. 보다 자세한 내용은, 수동 시스템 향상 또는 재설치를 참조하세요.

당신의 선택이 어떻든 간에, 시스템을 향상하거나 재설치를 수행하기 전에 항상 당신의 자료를 따로 저장하세요.

부트 미디어 준비

Fedora images are Hybrid ISOs and can be used to create installation media with both optical and USB disks, for booting on both BIOS and UEFI systems.

페도라 미디어 작성기

Fedora Media Writer has been significantly improved and is now the official, tested and supported way to make bootable media. Fedora Media Writer supports Linux, Mac, and Windows. It is an easy way to make bootable USB media to install Fedora (or other operating systems). Using Fedora Media Writer is strongly encouraged, although other USB media creation software can work as well.

Some of the new additions to Fedora Media Writer are that Fedora Workstation and Server are easily and quickly accessible from the selection on the main screen. Further choices are available if you select the button below Custom image. This offers a selection of various Fedora Spins, such as Xfce or Mate.

Historically, universal USB creation tools, such as Unetbootin, are a popular way to create USB installers from ISOs intended for optical media. They typically create a filesystem on the USB drive by extracting files from the image, and writing syslinux bootloader to the device.

These methods circumvent the boot-loader configuration built into Fedora images, which are pre-partitioned and designed to boot on UEFI systems with SecureBoot enabled as well as BIOS systems, and thus they do not produce consistent results with Fedora images, especially on UEFI systems.

The best results are produced by utilities that use a direct write method and do not modify the Fedora image.

Always think twice before writing an image to the device. The media creation methods described in this article are destructive. All data on the USB stick are deleted during the process, so make sure you have a back up of the data on the USB stick. Double check that you have selected correct device to write the image to!

페도라 미디어 작성기 설치와 동작

페도라에서

페도라 25 또는 이후에서, [application]*Fedora Media Writer*는 기본 저장소에서 사용 할 수 있습니다. 당신은 꾸러미 설치 할 때에 `dnf`를 사용 할 수 있습니다.

  1. Fedora Media Writer 사용하여 설치하기:

    $ sudo dnf install mediawriter

  2. Fedora Media Writer 실행:

    $ mediawriter

    또는 [application]*Gnome 3*에서 *Activities*을 선택하고, 그런 후에 [application]*Fedora Media Writer*에서 눌러줍니다.

다른 리눅스 배포판에서

The best way to install Fedora Media Writer on various Linux distributions is to use the pre-built Flatpak package. The package can be obtained from the official Flatpak repository Flathub.org.

  1. To setup Flatpak on your Linux system, follow the guidelines on the Flatpak documentation page.

  2. 응용프로그램을 실행합니다:

    $ sudo mediawriter

윈도우에서

  1. Download the latest Windows Installer file from GetFedora.org. The server automatically detects the running system and offers you the correct installation file for your Windows version.

  2. Run the installation by double clicking the installer, and then continue through the set-up wizard. The Wizard lets you customize the software’s installation if you choose to.

  3. 실행기를 눌러서 응용프로그램을 실행합니다.

    In Windows 8 and 10, the Fedora Media Writer launcher will be placed in the All apps menu under F. In Windows 10, you can just type Fedora Media Writer in the search box on the task bar.

MacOS에서

  1. Download the latest Macintosh Disk Image (the package will have a .dmg extension) from GetFedora.org. The server automatically detects the running system and offers a correct package for your MacOS.

  2. Open the .dmg file, and press and hold the Ctrl key while clicking on the Fedora Media Writer application.

  3. 팝-업 메뉴에서 "열기"를 누릅니다.

  4. 확인용 대화 상자에서 만약 나타나면 "열기" 누름단추를 눌러줍니다.

ISO 이미지를 USB 미디어로 쓰기.

  1. 부팅 가능한 USB 드라이브를 위해 페도라 배포판을 선택합니다.

    페도라 미디어 작성기의 주요 화면 이미지
    Figure 1. 페도라 미디어 작성기 주요 화면: 자신의 페도라 배포판을 선택합니다

    The main selection lets you choose one of the default Fedora editions, Fedora Workstation or Server. Fedora Media Writer displays more details about the edition before you can proceed with downloading the image and the USB creation. You can choose a different architecture, if you select Other variants.

  2. 진행하려며 "라이브 USB 생성"을 선택합니다.

    페도라 미디어 배포 정보 화면의 이미지
    Figure 2. 페도라 미디어 작성기 배포 정보

    Fedora Media Writer will automatically download the ISO for you. If you have downloaded the ISO before and placed it in the Downloads directory, it will be immediately available to use.

    페도라 미디어 작성기의 이미지 자동으로 내려받기
    Figure 3. 페도라 미디어 작성기를 자동으로 내려받기

  3. 부팅 가능한 미디어를 생성하는 것으로 USB 드라이브를 연결합니다.

  4. 미디어에 이미지를 작성하려면, 빨강 누름단추 디스크에 작성을 눌러주세요.

    페도라 미디어 작성기의 이미지를 빨강 누름단추로 작성합니다
    Figure 4. 페도라 미디어 작성기를 USB 장치에 작성합니다

다른 방법으로 라이브 USB 생성하기

Using the Fedora Media Writer is highly recommended for everybody, because it offers a reliable way to create a live USB stick for Fedora installation.

However, some experienced users may prefer to go through the creation process manually. If you decide to do so, you have to download the installation images and use an application to write them onto the USB stick.

If you have downloaded and verified the installation images manually, you still can write them onto the USB stick using Fedora Media Writer.

부트와 설치 이미지 내려받기

The Fedora Project offers different Editions tailored for some specific use cases. Choose the Fedora Edition best for you, or you can build your own by customizing after the installation, or by using a kickstart file as described in Creating a Kickstart File. Kickstart installation requires the netinstall media type, or a direct installation booting method such as PXE; kickstarts are not supported with live images.

Read more about Fedora Workstation, Fedora Cloud, Fedora Server and the available media types in Downloading Fedora.

You can also choose a Fedora Spin featuring favorite alternative desktops or tools for specialized tasks at https://spins.fedoraproject.org.

내려받은 이미지를 확인 중

Because transmission errors or other problems may corrupt the Fedora image you have downloaded, it is important to verify the file’s integrity. After the images are created, an operation is performed on the file that produces a value called a checksum using a complex mathematical algorithm. The operation is sufficiently complex that any change to the original file will produce a different checksum.

By calculating the image’s checksum on your own computer and comparing it to the original checksum, you can verify the image has not been tampered with or corrupted. The original checksum values are provided at https://getfedora.org/security/, and are gpg signed to demonstrate their integrity.

윈도우 시스템에서 체크썸 확인하기

  1. Download the Fedora image of your choice from https://getfedora.org/ and the corresponding checksum file from https://getfedora.org/security/

  2. powershell 세션을 열어요.

  3. 내려받기 한 파일이 포함되어 있는 디렉토리를 변경합니다.

    > cd $HOME\Downloads\
> ls

Directory: C:\Users\Pete\Downloads

방식 최근쓰기 시간 길이 이름
---- ------------- ------ ----
-a--- 11/25/2014 12:39 PM 272 Fedora-Server-21-x86_64-CHECKSUM
-a--- 11/25/2014 12:39 PM 2047868928 Fedora-Server-DVD-x86_64-21.iso

  4. 체크섬을 계산하는 데 필요한 자원을 적재합니다.

    > $image = "Fedora-Server-DVD-x86_64-21.iso"
> $checksum_file = "Fedora-Server-21-x86_64-CHECKSUM"
> $sha256 = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.sha256CryptoServiceProvider
> $expected_checksum = ((Get-Content $checksum_file | Select-String -Pattern $image) -split " ")[0].ToLower()

  5. 내려받은 이미지의 체크섬을 계산합니다. 이는 잠시 시간이 걸립니다!

    > $download_checksum = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($sha256.ComputeHash([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("$PWD\$image"))).ToLower() -replace '-', ''

  6. 예상되는 체크섬에 계산된 체크섬과 비교합니다.

    > echo "Download Checksum: $download_checksum"
> echo "Expected Checksum: $expected_checksum"
> if ( $download_checksum -eq "$expected_checksum" ) {
echo "Checksum test passed!"
} else {
echo "Checksum test failed."
}

리눅스와 OSX 시스템에서 체크섬 확인

  1. Download the Fedora image of your choice from https://fedoraproject.org/get-fedora and the corresponding checksum file from https://getfedora.org/security/

  2. 터미널 창을 열고, 그리고 내려받은 파일이 있는 디렉토리로 이동합니다.

    $ cd ~/Downloads

  3. 이미지 체크섬 확인에 적당한 유틸리티를 사용합니다.

    • 리눅스에서:

      $ sha256sum -c *CHECKSUM

    • OSX에서:

      $ grep '^SHA256' *-CHECKSUM | awk -F '[()=]' '{ print $4 "  " $2 }' | shasum -a 256 -c

이미지를 USB 미디어로 작성하기

Creating USB media with GNOME Disks

  1. On a system with GNOME, or with the gnome-disk-utility package installed, open Disks using the system menu.

  2. Click your USB device in the left column.

  3. Click the menu icon in the upper right corner of the window, and choose the Restore Disk Image option.

  4. Navigate to your image file and click Start Restoring. After a few minutes, it will report the process is complete and your installation media will be ready to use.

Creating USB Media on the Linux command line

  1. Open a terminal window and insert the usb drive.

  2. Find the device node assigned to the drive. In the example below, the drive is given sdd.

    $ dmesg|tail
[288954.686557] usb 2-1.8: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=1, SerialNumber=2
[288954.686559] usb 2-1.8: Product: USB Storage
[288954.686562] usb 2-1.8: SerialNumber: 000000009225
[288954.712590] usb-storage 2-1.8:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[288954.712687] scsi host6: usb-storage 2-1.8:1.0
[288954.712809] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[288954.716682] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[288955.717140] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access     Generic  STORAGE DEVICE   9228 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
[288955.717745] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
[288961.876382] sd 6:0:0:0: sdd Attached SCSI removable disk

  3. dd 유틸리티를 사용하여 이미지를 작성합니다.

    # dd if=/path/to/Fedora-Live-Security-x86_64-21.iso of=/dev/sdd

    Pay extreme attention to the source (if=) and target (of=) device. The dd command destroys all data on the target device. If you made a mistake, you could lose important data.

부팅 CD 또는 DVD 생성하기

In addition to creating a bootable USB flash drive, you can also use the provided ISO images to create bootable optical media (a CD or DVD). This approach may be necessary when installing Fedora on an older system which can not boot from USB.

The exact steps you need to take to burn a bootable CD or DVD from an ISO image will vary depending on what disc burning software you use. This procedure only offers a general overview.

  1. Insert a blank CD or DVD into your system’s CD or DVD burner.

  2. Open your system’s burning software - for example, Brasero on Fedora systems with GNOME desktop environment, or Nero on Windows systems. In the software’s main menu, find an option which lets you burn an ISO image to a disc. For example, in Brasero, this option is Burn image in the main menu on the left side of the window.

  3. When prompted, select the ISO image of Fedora to be burned, and the CD or DVD burner with a blank disc inside (if you have more than one drive).

  4. 자신의 선택을 확인하고, 디스크가 구워질 때까지 기다리세요.

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