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Asennuksen valmistelu

Tässä luvussa kuvataan vaiheet, jotka sinun on suoritettava ennen asennuksen aloittamista. Jokaista vaihetta ei tarvitse noudattaa tarkasti - jos esimerkiksi aiot käyttää oletusasennuksen asetuksia, sinun ei tarvitse kerätä järjestelmätietoja, kuten levylaitteiden tunnisteita/UUID-tunnuksia tai verkkotietoja, kuten järjestelmän IP-osoitetta. Sinun tulee kuitenkin käydä tämä luku läpi, koska siinä kuvataan myös käytettävissä olevat asennusmediatyypit sekä käynnistystietovälineiden ja asennuslähteiden valmistelu.

Päivitys vai asennus?

Jos sinulla on jo Fedora asennettuna ja haluat päivittää asennuksesi nykyiseen versioon, voit tehdä sen kahdella tavalla:

Automaattinen päivitys käyttämällä dnf system upgrade: Suositeltu tapa päivittää järjestelmä on automaattinen päivitys dnf system upgrade -apuohjelman avulla. Lisätietoja automaattisen päivityksen suorittamisesta on Fedora Wiki DNF -järjestelmän päivitys.
Manuaalinen uudelleenasennus: Voit päivittää Fedoran uusimpaan versioon manuaalisesti sen sijaan, että luottaisit dnf system upgrade komentoon. Tämä edellyttää asentimen käynnistämistä ikään kuin suorittaisit puhtaan asennuksen, annat sen havaita olemassa olevan Fedora-järjestelmäsi ja ylikirjoitetaan root-osio samalla kun säilytetään tiedot muissa osioissa ja taltioissa. Samaa prosessia voidaan käyttää myös järjestelmän uudelleenasentamiseen tarvittaessa. Lisätietoja on kohdassa Manuaalinen järjestelmän päivitys tai uudelleenasennus.

Varmuuskopioi aina tietosi ennen päivityksen suorittamista tai järjestelmän uudelleenasentamista riippumatta siitä, minkä menetelmän valitset.

Käynnistys- ja asennuslevykuvien lataaminen

The Fedora Project offers different Editions tailored for some specific use cases. Choose the Fedora Edition best for you, or you can build your own by customizing after the installation, or by using a kickstart file as described in Creating a Kickstart File. Kickstart installation requires the netinstall media type, or a direct installation booting method such as PXE; kickstarts are not supported with live images.

Read more about Fedora Workstation, Fedora Cloud, Fedora Server and the available media types in Downloading Fedora.

You can also choose a Fedora Spin featuring favorite alternative desktops or tools for specialized tasks at http://spins.fedoraproject.org.

Vahvistetaan ladattua levykuvaa

Koska lähetysvirheet tai muut ongelmat voivat vahingoittaa lataamaasi Fedora-levykuvaa, on tärkeää varmistaa tiedoston eheys. Kun levykuvat on luotu, tiedostolle suoritetaan toiminto, joka tuottaa arvon, jota kutsutaan "tarkistussummaksi" käyttämällä monimutkaista matemaattista algoritmia. Toiminto on riittävän monimutkainen, jotta mikä tahansa muutos alkuperäiseen tiedostoon tuottaa erilaisen tarkistussumman.

By calculating the image’s checksum on your own computer and comparing it to the original checksum, you can verify the image has not been tampered with or corrupted. The original checksum values are provided at https://fedoraproject.org/verify, and are gpg signed to demonstrate their integrity.

Tarkistussummien tarkistaminen Windows-järjestelmissä

Download the Fedora image of your choice from https://fedoraproject.org/get-fedora and the corresponding checksum file from https://fedoraproject.org/verify
Käynnistä powershell-istunto.

Siirry ladatut tiedostot sisältävään hakemistoon.

> cd $HOME\Downloads\
> ls

Directory: C:\Users\Petteri\Downloads

Mode                LastWriteTime         Length  Name
----                -------------         ------  ----
-a---        11/25/2014  12:39 PM            272  Fedora-Server-21-x86_64-CHECKSUM
-a---        11/25/2014  12:39 PM     2047868928  Fedora-Server-DVD-x86_64-21.iso

Lataa tarkistussumman laskemiseen tarvittavat resurssit.

> $image = "Fedora-Server-DVD-x86_64-21.iso"
> $checksum_file = "Fedora-Server-21-x86_64-CHECKSUM"
> $sha256 = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.sha256CryptoServiceProvider
> $expected_checksum = ((Get-Content $checksum_file | Select-String -Pattern $image) -split " ")[0].ToLower()

Laske ladatun levykuvan tarkistussumma. Tämä kestää hetken!

> $download_checksum = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($sha256.ComputeHash([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("$PWD\$image"))).ToLower() -replace '-', ''

Vertaa laskettua tarkistussummaa odotettuun tarkistussummaan.

> echo "Ladattu tarkistussumma: $download_checksum"
> echo "Oletettu tarkistussumma: $expected_checksum"
> if ( $download_checksum -eq "$expected_checksum" ) {
echo "Tarkistussummat täsmäävät!"
} else {
echo "Tarkistussummat eivät täsmää."
}

Verifying checksums on Linux and OSX systems

Download the Fedora image of your choice from https://fedoraproject.org/get-fedora and the corresponding checksum file from https://fedoraproject.org/verify
Open a terminal window, and navigate to the directory with the downloaded files.
```
$ cd ~/Downloads
```
Use the appropriate utility to verify the image checksum.
- For Linux:
  $ sha256sum -c *CHECKSUM
- For OSX:
  $ shasum -a 256 -c *CHECKSUM

Käynnistysmedian valmistelu

Fedora-levykuvat ovat "hybridi-ISO:ita", ja niitä voidaan käyttää asennusmedian luomiseen sekä optisilla että USB-levyillä sekä BIOS- että UEFI-järjestelmien käynnistystä varten.

Fedora Media Writer and Universal USB Creators

Fedora Media Writer has been improved and is now the default way to make bootable media. Fedora Media Writer supports Linux, Mac, and Windows. It is an easy way to make bootable USB media to install Fedora (or other operating systems). While use of Fedora Media Writer is strongly encouraged, other USB media creation software can work as well.

Some of the new additions to Fedora Media Writer are that Fedora Workstation and Server are the first choices on the main screen. However more choices are available if you select the button below "Custom OS". Options like Fedora Spins will appear. Fedora Spins such as XFCE and Mate will be selectable.

Universal USB creation tools such as Unetbootin are a historically popular way to create USB installers from ISOs intended for optical media. They typically function by creating a filesystem on the USB drive, extracting files from the image, and writing syslinux bootloader to the device.

These methods circumvent the boot-loader configuration built into Fedora images, which are pre-partitioned and designed to boot on UEFI systems with SecureBoot enabled as well as BIOS systems. They do not produce a consistent result with Fedora’s images, especially for use with UEFI systems.

Utilities that use a direct write method, and do not modify the Fedora image, will produce the most consistently successful results.

Be sure you choose the right device!

Most media creation methods in this section are destructive. Ensure you do not need any data on the USB stick, and double check you have chosen the correct device before continuing.

Creating USB Media on Windows

Download the latest Windows Installer file from Marin Briza’s github page: https://github.com/MartinBriza/MediaWriter/releases.
Run the installation by double clicking it, and then clicking next through the set-up wizard. The Wizard gives you the options to customize the software’s installation if you choose to.
In Windows 8 and 10, the application will be under "all apps" under F for Fedora Media Writer. Or in Windows 10, you can just type Fedora Media Writer in the search box on the task bar.
Valitse Fedora Edition, jolle haluat tehdä käynnistettävän USB-aseman.

Kuva 1. Fedora Media Writer -päänäyttö: Valitse Fedora-versiosi
If you choose one of the beginning default Fedora editions, such as Fedora workstation or server. Fedora Media Writer will give you information and details about it before you proceed with the download and USB creation. For Fedora Workstation, you can choose a different architecture, such as 32bit if you select "other architectures". Otherwise select "Create Live USB" to proceed.

Kuva 2. Fedora Media Writer Distro tiedot
Fedora Media Writer will automatically download the ISO for you, but if you all-ready have it in your Downloads directory it will be immediately available to use.

Kuva 3. Fedora Media Writer automaattinen lataus
After the download completes, or when Fedora Media Writer is ready. Plug in a USB drive you wish to use as a bootable media.
Click the red "Write to disk" button.

Kuva 4. Fedora Media Writer Kirjoita USB-laitteeseen

Creating USB Media with Fedora Media Writer.

On Fedora 25 or later, you can download Fedora Media Writer with the command:
```
$ sudo dnf install mediawriter
```
You can call Fedora Media Writer by issuing the command:
```
$ sudo mediawriter
```
or in Gnome 3 by selecting Activities, then selecting Utilities, and then selecting Fedora Media Writer.
Valitse Fedora Edition, jolle haluat tehdä käynnistettävän USB-aseman.

Kuva 5. Fedora Media Writer -päänäyttö: Valitse Fedora-versiosi
If you choose one of the beginning default Fedora editions, such as Fedora workstation or server. Fedora Media Writer will give you information and details about it before you proceed with the download and USB creation. For Fedora Workstation, you can choose a different architecture, such as 32bit if you select "other architectures". Otherwise select "Create Live USB" to proceed.

Kuva 6. Fedora Media Writer Distro tiedot
Fedora Media Writer will automatically download the ISO for you, but if you all-ready have it in your Downloads directory it will be immediately available to use.

Kuva 7. Fedora Media Writer automaattinen lataus
After the download completes, or when Fedora Media Writer is ready. Plug in a USB drive you wish to use as a bootable media.
Click the red "Write to disk" button.

Kuva 8. Fedora Media Writer Kirjoita USB-laitteeseen

Creating USB Media on Macintosh

Download the latest Macintosh Disk Image (the package will have a .dmg extension) from Marin Briza’s github page: https://github.com/MartinBriza/MediaWriter/releases.
Open the .dmg file and copy the mediawriter file into your applications folder.
Navigate to your applications directory, and then launch the mediawriter app.
Mac OS will then ask if you are sure you want to open the file (it is from the internet after all), select "Open" to run the program.
Valitse Fedora Edition, jolle haluat tehdä käynnistettävän USB-aseman.

Kuva 9. Fedora Media Writer -päänäyttö: Valitse Fedora-versiosi
If you choose one of the beginning default Fedora editions, such as Fedora workstation or server. Fedora Media Writer will give you information and details about it before you proceed with the download and USB creation. For Fedora Workstation, you can choose a different architecture, such as 32bit if you select "other architectures". Otherwise select "Create Live USB" to proceed.

Kuva 10. Fedora Media Writer Distro tiedot
Fedora Media Writer will automatically download the ISO for you, but if you all-ready have it in your Downloads directory it will be immediately available to use.

Kuva 11. Fedora Media Writer automaattinen lataus
After the download completes, or when Fedora Media Writer is ready. Plug in a USB drive you wish to use as a bootable media.
Click the red "Write to disk" button.

Kuva 12. Fedora Media Writer Kirjoita USB-laitteeseen

Creating USB media with GNOME Disks

On a system with GNOME, or with the gnome-disk-utility package installed, open Disks using the system menu.
Click your USB device in the left column.
Click the menu icon in the upper right corner of the window, and choose the Restore Disk Image option.
Navigate to your image file and click Start Restoring. After a few minutes, it will report the process is complete and your installation media will be ready to use.

Creating USB Media on the Linux command line

Open a terminal window and insert the usb drive.

Find the device node assigned to the drive. In the example below, the drive is given sdd.

$ dmesg|tail
[288954.686557] usb 2-1.8: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=1, SerialNumber=2
[288954.686559] usb 2-1.8: Product: USB Storage
[288954.686562] usb 2-1.8: SerialNumber: 000000009225
[288954.712590] usb-storage 2-1.8:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[288954.712687] scsi host6: usb-storage 2-1.8:1.0
[288954.712809] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[288954.716682] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[288955.717140] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access     Generic  STORAGE DEVICE   9228 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
[288955.717745] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
[288961.876382] sd 6:0:0:0: sdd Attached SCSI removable disk

Use the dd utility to write the image. Make sure you have the right drive!
```
# dd if=/path/to/Fedora-Live-Security-x86_64-21.iso of=/dev/sdd
```

Creating a Boot CD or DVD

In addition to creating a bootable USB flash drive, you can also use the provided ISO images to create bootable optical media (a CD or DVD). This approach may be necessary when installing Fedora on an older system which can not boot from USB.

The exact steps you need to take to burn a bootable CD or DVD from an ISO image will vary depending on what disc burning software you use. This procedure only offers a general overview.

Insert a blank CD or DVD into your system’s CD or DVD burner.
Open your system’s burning software - for example, Brasero on Fedora systems with GNOME desktop environment, or Nero on Windows systems. In the software’s main menu, find an option which lets you burn an ISO image to a disc. For example, in Brasero, this option is Burn image in the main menu on the left side of the window.
When prompted, select the ISO image of Fedora to be burned, and the CD or DVD burner with a blank disc inside (if you have more than one drive).
Confirm your selection, and wait for the disc to be burned.

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