Fedora 安装程序使用 tmux 终端多路复用器以显示和控制多个窗口。每个窗口都有不同的用途，例如显示不同的日志文件以在安装时进行排错处理、使用带有 root 权限的交互式 Shell 等（当然你可以通过引导选项设置和 Kickstart 命令关闭特定的功能）。

终端多路复用器运行于 1 号虚拟终端，你可以使用 Ctrl+Alt+F1 从常规安装环境切换到位于 6 号虚拟终端的 tmux ，要想返回到常规安装环境可以使用 Ctrl+Alt+F6 。

运行 tmux 的终端有五个可用的窗口，我们在下面列举了每个窗口的快捷键和功能。注意快捷键包含两部分，你要首先按下 Ctrl+b ，然后松开这两个键，再按下数字键前往对应的窗口。

你还可以使用 Ctrl+b n 和 Ctrl+b p 切换到下一个或上一个 tmux 窗口。

In addition to displaying diagnostic information in tmux windows, Anaconda also generates several log files, which can be transferred from the installation system. These log files are described in Troubleshooting.adoc#sect-troubleshooting-log-files, and directions for transferring them from the installation system are available in Troubleshooting.adoc#sect-troubleshooting-transferring-logs.

You can press Shift+Print Screen at any time during the graphical installation to capture the current screen. These screenshots are saved to /tmp/anaconda-screenshots.

Additionally, you can use the autostep --autoscreenshot command in a Kickstart file to capture and save each step of the installation automatically. See autostep (optional) - Go Through Every Screen for details.

在图形化安装程序启动后显示的第一屏就是欢迎界面。

首先在左侧的栏目选择你偏好的语言，然后从右侧的栏目选择你的地区。如果你不想耗费时间在近七十种语言中寻找你的语言，你可以使用左下角的输入框进行搜索。

你所选择的语言会被设定为图形安装程序的显示语言，在安装的全程被使用，也会作为安装后系统的默认语言。尽管你可以在未来修改系统的语言，但是一旦你在这里点击继续，你就不能再回去重新制定安装程序的语言了。

我们会为你默认挑选一种语言，如果你的网络连接在这个时候已经可用了（例如你在网络服务器上引导了安装介质），我们就会通过 GeoIP 模组探测你的位置并将相应的语言设定为默认。指定默认语言的方式还包括在引导选项或者 PXE 服务器配置添加 inst.lang= 。默认语言会出现在语言列表顶部，但是你依然可以在操作选单任意指定其它的语言以用于后续安装和使用。

在选择好语言和地区后，点击继续以确认你的选择然后前往 Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-summary 。

安装摘要页面在安装程序中处于枢纽的地位，绝大多数的安装选项都可以从这里访问。

安装摘要页面包含了若干个跳转到其它页面的链接，这些链接以类别的形式组织起来。对于每一个链接，都有着下面几种状态：

页面底部显示有警告信息，开始安装按钮被禁用，这意味着存在没有完成配置的选项。

Each screen also has an explanatory text below its title, showing settings currently configured in that screen. This text may be concatenated; in that case, move your mouse cursor over it and wait until a tooltip with the full text appears.

Once you configure everything required for the installation, you can press the Begin Installation button to start installing Fedora. This will take you to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-progress. Note that as the text below this button says, nothing will be written to your hard drive before you press this button. You can press Quit at any point; this will discard all changes you made in the installer so far and reboot the system.

日期与时间页面允许你对日期和时间进行设定。我们会基于你在 Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-welcome 的设定为此屏幕给定一系列的默认值，但在开始安装之前，你可以随时对这些设置进行调整。

首先你可以从屏幕左上角的下拉菜单中选择你所在的地区，然后选择你所在的城市或者距离你所在位置最近的且位于同一时区的城市。指定一个准确的位置有利于 Fedora 充分考虑夏令时等条件，从而正确设定你的时间。

你也可以直接指定你所在的时区而不去指定地区，只需将 Etc 设置为你的地区即可。

右上角的切换按钮可以用于启用和关闭基于 NTP 的网络时间自动同步服务。启用这个选项可以保证你的系统在连接到互联网的前提下时间准确。NTP 池已经被默认配置好，但你可以随时对 NTP 服务器进行调整。

If you disable network time synchronization, the controls at the bottom of the screen will become active, and you will be able to set the current time and date manually.

After configuring your time and date settings, press the Done button in the top left corner to return to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-summary.

The Keyboard Layout screen allows you to set up one or more keyboard layouts for your system and a way to switch between them. One keyboard layout is configured automatically based on your selection in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-welcome, but you can change this layout and add additional ones before you begin the installation.

Keyboard layouts are a separate setting from system languages, and these two settings can be mixed as you see fit.

The left half of the screen contains a window listing all currently configured layouts. The order in which the layouts are displayed is important - the same order will be used when switching between layouts, and the first listed layout will be the default on your system.

The text field on the right side of the screen can be used to test the currently selected layout.

You can click a layout in the list to highlight it. At the bottom of the list, there is a set of buttons:

You can also optionally configure a keyboard switch which can be used to cycle between available layouts. To do so, click the Options button on the right side of the screen. The Layout Switching Options dialog will open, allowing you to configure one or more keys or key combinations for switching. Select one or more key combinations using the check boxes next to them, and click OK to confirm your selection.

After you finish configuring keyboard layouts and switches, click Done in the top left corner to return to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-summary.

语言支持页面允许你对系统的语言进行配置。默认的语言由 Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-welcome 决定，你只能额外添加其它的语言而不能删除默认的语言，设置好的语言将会在安装好的系统上可用 - 而不是安装程序。

如果你希望更换默认语言，或者安装时使用的语言，你必须重启你的系统重新进入安装程序，并在 Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-welcome 选择其它的语言。

The left panel contains a list of available language groups such as English or Bulgarian. If at least one language from a group is selected, a check mark will be displayed next to the group, and the list entry will be highlighted. This allows you to easily see which languages you have configured support for.

To add support for one or more additional languages, click a group in the left panel, and then select one or more regional variations in the right panel using check boxes next to list entries. Repeat this process for all languages you want to install support for.

Once you have made your selections, click Done in the top left corner to return to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-summary.

The Installation Source screen allows you to specify a location (local or on the network) from which packages will be downloaded and installed on your system. This screen will be configured automatically in most cases, but you can change your settings or add additional sources.

The following options are available. Note that not all of them may be displayed.

You can also specify additional repositories in the Additional repositories section to gain access to more installation environments and software add-ons. All environments and add-ons will be available for selection in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-software-selection once you finish configuring the sources.

To add a repository, click the + button. To delete a repository, select one in the list and click the - button. Click the arrow icon to revert to the previous list of repositories, i.e. to replace current entries with those that were present at the time you entered the Installation Source screen. To activate or deactivate a repository, click the check box in the Enabled column at each entry in the list.

You can name your additional repository and configure it the same way as the primary repository on the network using the input fields on the right side of the section.

Once you have selected your installation source, click Done in the top left corner to return to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-summary.

软件包选择页面允许你选择一个软件包集和一些附加组件。被选中的软件包会在系统安装过程中被安装到你的系统。

这个页面当且仅当 Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-source 已经正确设置而且软安装程序已经成功从软件源获取软件包元数据。

可供选用的软件包集和附加组件取决于你的安装来源。在默认情况下起决定作用的就是你使用的安装媒体介质文件。Fedora Server 提供的软件包集和附加组件就和 Fedora Cloud 所提供的有所不同，当然你可以自由切换安装来源。

To configure your software selection, first choose an environment on the left side of the screen. Only one environment can be chosen, even if more are available. Then, on the right side of the screen, select one or more add-ons which you want to install by marking the check boxes next to each add-on.

The list of add-ons is divided into two parts by a horizontal line. Add-ons above this line are defined as part of your chosen environment; if you select a different environment, the add-ons available here will change. The add-ons displayed below the separator are not specific to your chosen environment.

Environments and add-ons are defined using a comps.xml file in your installation source (for example, in the repodata/ directory on the full Fedora Server installation DVD). Review this file to see exactly which packages will be installed as part of a certain environment or add-on. For more information about the comps.xml file, see %packages (required) - Package Selection.

After you finish configuring your software selection, click Done in the top left corner to return to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-summary.

The Installation Destination screen allows you to configure storage options - namely, which disks will be used as the installation target for your Fedora installation. At least one disk must always be selected for the installation to proceed.

For information about the theory and concepts behind disk partitioning in Linux, see Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-manual-partitioning-recommended.

In the top part of the screen, all locally available storage devices (SATA, IDE and SCSI hard drives, USB flash drives, etc.) are displayed in the Local Standard Disks section. Local disks are detected when the installer starts - any storage devices connected after the installation has started will not be shown.

If you need to configure additional local storage devices, select I will configure partitioning and press Done to move to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-manual-partitioning. Then, connect any new hard drives you want to make available during the installation, and press the button marked by a circular arrow in the set of controls below the list of mount points on the left side of the screen. In the dialog window that opens, press Rescan Disks and wait until the scanning process completes. Then, press OK to return to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-storage-partitioning; all detected disks including any new ones will be displayed in the Local Standard Disks section.

The Specialized & Network Disks section below shows advanced network storage (such as iSCSI and FCoE disks) currently configured. When you first open this screen, no such devices will be displayed because they can not be automatically detected; to search for network storage devices Add a disk button and proceed with Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-destination. Any network storage you configure will then show up in the Specialized & Network Disks the same way local disks are shown above.

All storage devices which will be used to install Fedora have a black circle icon with a white check mark on them. Disks not marked by this icon will not be used during the installation - they will be ignored if you choose automatic partitioning, and they will not be available in manual partitioning.

After you select all disks you want to install Fedora, select one of the two options in the Other Storage Options section:

Additionally, you can select Encrypt my data; this will encrypt all partitions except the ones needed to boot the system (such as /boot) using Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS). Encrypting your hard drive is recommended. For detailed information about LUKS encryption, see the Fedora Security Guide, available at http://docs.fedoraproject.org/.

To control which one of your selected storage devices will contain the boot loader, click the Full disk summary and bootloader link in the bottom left corner of the screen, and follow the instructions in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-storage-partitioning-bootloader. Note that while in most cases it is sufficient to leave the boot loader in the default location, some configurations (for example, systems which require chain loading from another boot loader) will require the boot drive to be specified manually.

After you select storage devices, choose between automatic and manual partitioning, configure encryption and boot loader location, press Done in the top left corner of the screen. Then, depending on your settings, the following will happen:

This part of the Installation Destination screen allows you to configure non-local storage devices, namely iSCSI and FCoE storage. This section will mostly be useful to advanced users who have a need for networked disks. For instructions on setting up local hard drives, see Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-storage-partitioning.

The screen contains a list of all currently available (discovered) network storage devices. When the screen is opened for the first time, the list will be empty in most cases because no network storage has been discovered - the installer makes no attempt at discovering this unless you configure network disks using a Kickstart file.

To add one or more storage devices to the screen so you can search them and use them in the installation, click Add iSCSI Target or Add FCoE SAN in the bottom right corner of the screen, and follow the instructions in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-destination-add-iscsi or Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-destination-add-fcoe, depending on which type of network storage you want to add.

Network storage devices successfully discovered and configured by the installer will then be displayed in the main list, along with identifying information such as Name, WWID, Model and Target. To sort the list by a specific column (for example WWID), click the column’s heading.

There are three tabs on the top of the list, which display different information:

Depending on the tab you are currently in, you can filter the discovered devices by using the Filter By field. Some of the filtering options are automatically populated based on discovered devices (for example, if you select Filter By: Vendor, another drop-down menu will appear showing all vendors of all discovered devices). Other filters require your input (for example when filtering by WWID), and present you with a text input field instead of a drop-down menu.

In the list (regardless of how it is filtered), each device is presented on a separate row, with a check box to its left. Mark the check box to make the device available during the installation process; this will cause this device (node) to be shown in the Specialized & Network Disks section in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-storage-partitioning. There, you can select the disk as an installation target and proceed with either manual or automatic partitioning.

When you have selected the storage devices to make available during installation, click Done to return to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-storage-partitioning.

The Manual Partitioning screen allows you to create a storage configuration for your Fedora system manually, giving you a greater control over your system’s storage.

In most other installers for both Linux and other operating systems, disk partitioning usually takes a "bottom-up" approach. In these installers, you first create underlying devices such as LVM physical volumes, then you create a layout such as LVM on top of them, then you create file systems on top of logical volumes, and the last step is usually assigning a mount point to each volume as needed.

Anaconda uses an opposite approach. First, you create all separate mount points you need, and everything needed to create them (creating a volume group, logical volumes inside it, and physical volumes where the volume group will reside) is performed automatically. You can then adjust the automatic settings as you require.

When you first open the Manual Partitioning screen, the column on the left side will display all previously existing partitions on all drives which you selected as installation targers in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-storage-partitioning. If none of the selected drives contain any existing partitions, then a message informing you that no mount points currently exist will appear.

Here, you can choose a partitioning scheme such as LVM or BTRFS and click the Click here to create them automatically to prompt the installer to create a basic partitioning layout; this layout follows the guidelines described in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-manual-partitioning-recommended. The created layout is a basic layout where partition/volume sizes are determined automatically based on the total amount of available space.

Click the + button to add a mount point. In the dialog window that opens, choose a mount point such as / or /home, and the desired capacity for the mount point (such as 10GB or 500MB). Note that specifying the mount point is mandatory, but you do not have to specify the capacity at this point; this is useful when adding a mount point which you want to make larger than the current available space permits. Then, click Add mount point to add it to the list using the default settings, which means it will be created as a logical volume, and a new volume group will be created for it unless one already exists.

Then, select the newly created mount point in the list on the left side. A set of controls will display on the right side of the screen, allowing you to change its mount point, the device on which it will physically reside, its capacity, file system, etc. When you change any settings, press Update Settings on the bottom right. This will save the adjusted configuration; you can now create another mount point, or select a different existing one and adjust its settings as well.

To remove a mount point, select it in the list and press the - button below.

The exact steps for configuring your storage depend on your specific needs and your system configuration. Procedures for creating specific layouts are described further in this chapter. Before you start, you should also review Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-manual-partitioning-recommended and Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-manual-partitioning-advice for a list of requirements and tips for partitioning your disks for Fedora.

Below the list of existing mount points are two fields, showing you how much free space is left on your storage devices and how much total space they have.

Click the X storage devices selected to view a summary of currently selected storage devices; this may help you with orientation in more complicated storage schemas. Devices displayed here are the ones you have selected in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-storage-partitioning. If you want to add or remove any storage devices from your configuration, return to that screen and change your selection.

You can press the Reset All button in the bottom right corner at any time to reset the storage configuration to the state it was in when you last opened the Manual Partitioning screen. This means that if you modify the storage configuration, leave the screen, and then come back, the Reset button will reset the configuration back to the already modified state, discarding only the changes you have made recently, not all changes to the storage configuration since you booted the installer.

To discard all changes, and to also detect any new drives which have not been detected when the installer started (usually when you attached a new drive after you started), press the button marked by a circular arrow in the set of controls below the list of mount points on the left side of the screen. In the dialog window that opens, press Rescan Disks and wait until the scanning process completes. Then, press OK to return to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-storage-partitioning; all detected disks including any new ones will be displayed in the Local Standard Disks section.

After you finish configuring your system storage, press Done in the top left corner to save the configuration and return to the Installation Summary screen. At this point, the installer will check if your storage configuration is valid. If an error was detected, a message will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. Click the message to open a dialog window explaining what kind of error has been detected (for example, you put /boot on a Btrfs subvolume, or you did not create a BIOS Boot partition when your system requires one).

If such a message is displayed, go back and fix any issues found by the installer; otherwise you will not be able to proceed with the installation. You can also press Done again to return to the Installation Summary anyway, but a storage configuration error will prevent you from starting the actual installation process.

If no error message is displayed and if you made any changes since the last time you have visited this screen, a summary dialog will appear, displaying a detailed list of the changes you made. Review the list and click Accept Changes to proceed with Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-summary, or click Cancel & Return to Custom Partitioning if you want to make any more changes.

Use this screen to select whether or not Kdump will be activated on the installed system, and how much memory will be reserved for it if enabled.

Kdump is a kernel crash dumping mechanism which, in the event of a system crash, captures the contents of the system memory at the moment of failure. This captured memory can then be analyzed to find the cause of the crash. If Kdump is enabled, it must have a small portion of the system’s memory (RAM) reserved to itself. This reserved memory will not be accessible to the main kernel.

To enable Kdump on the installed system, check Enabled. Then, select either Automatic or Manual memory reservation settings, and if you selected Manual, enter the amount of memory to be reserved in megabytes into the Memory to be reserved field.

The amount of memory which you should reserve is determined based on your system’s architecture (AMD64 and Intel 64 will have different requirements than IBM Power, for example) as well as the total amount of system memory. In most cases, automatic reservation will be satisfactory. If you insist on manual settings, see the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Kernel Crash Dump Guide for guidelines. This document also contains more in-depth information about how Kdump works, how to configure additional settings, and how to analyze a saved crash dump.

The Usable System Memory readout below the reservation input field shows how much memory will be accessible to your main system once your selected amount of RAM is reserved.

After configuring Kdump settings, click Done in the top left corner to return to Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-summary.

The Network & Hostname screen is used to configure network interfaces. Options selected here will be available both during the installation (if needed for tasks such as downloading packages from a remote location) and on the installed system.

Locally accessible interfaces are automatically detected by the installation program and cannot be manually added or deleted. All detected interfaces are listed on the left side of the screen. Click an interface in the list to display its current configuration (such as IP and DNS address); the details are displayed on the right side of the screen.

Below the list of interfaces are two buttons. Use the + button to add a virtual network interface (Team, Bond or VLAN) as described in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-network-configuration-virtual-interface. To remove a previously created virtual interface, select it in the list and click the - button.

To change settings such as IP addresses, DNS servers, or routing configuration for an existing interface (both virtual and physical), select the interface in the left pane and click Configure in the bottom right corner of the screen. Available settings are described in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-network-configuration-advanced.

Use the ON/OFF switch in the top right corner to enable or disable the currently selected interface.

Below the list of connections, enter a host name for this computer in the Hostname input field. The host name can be either a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) in the format hostname.domainname, or a short host name with no domain name. Many networks have a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) service that automatically supplies connected systems with a domain name; to allow the DHCP service to assign the domain name to this machine, only specify the short host name.

The Configuration screen is displayed after you finish configuring all required items in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-summary and press the Begin installation button. After this point, the installation process actually starts and changes are being made to your selected disks. It is not possible to go back to the Installation Summary and change any settings configured there; if you need to do so, you must wait for the installation process to finish, reboot your system, log in and change your settings on the installed system.

In the top part of the screen, two additional options are available, allowing you to configure authentication settings - the root password and an additional user account. Configuring the root password is required to finish the installation; creating a user account can be skipped. If you do so, you will be prompted to create a non-root user account after the installation finishes and your system reboots.

The bottom of the screen shows a progress bar and a message informing you of the current progress of the installation. When the installation finishes and the root password has been set, you can press the Finish configuration button to reboot your computer and log in to your newly installed Fedora system.

Root 帐户密码页面允许你对`root` 账户的密码进行设置。这个密码将被用于登录到超级管理员账户，以处理各类需要高权限才能完成的任务（如安装和更新软件包、修改全局系统设置如网络设定、储存设定、用户管理和文件权限设置等）。

The root account will always be created during the installation. However, you should always also create a normal user accont in Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-create-user and use that account to log in to the system. Only switch to the administrator account only when you need to perform a task which requires administrator access.

当你选定一个强密码后，将它填写到表单中。为了安全起见你输入的字符都会被显示为实心原点。接下来再输入一次密码以确认你刚才输入的密码准确无误。请注意两次输入的密码应该是相同的。

在你输入密码的时候，安装程序会评估密码的强度。如果安装程序认为你的密码非常弱，屏幕顶部会弹出相关的信息，告知你输入的密码在哪一方面有所欠缺，例如：

如果有这样的信息出现，我们建议你选择一个不同的且安全性更佳的密码。

当你完成了 root 帐户密码设置后，点击左上角的确定按钮就可以回到 Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-installation-progress 。如果你选择了一个弱密码，你需要连续点两次确认按钮。

在安装的过程中你可以使用创建用户页面创建和配置一个（除了 root 之外的）用户。如果你需要多个账户，你可以在安装完成重启后通过命令行 useradd 或者 GNOME 设置等方式继续创建。

要配置一个用户帐户，你需要添加用户名称（例如 John Smith）和帐号（例如 jsmith）。帐号将被用于在控制台登录你的系统。如果你使用图形界面，你的登录管理器将会显示你的用户名称。

请务必勾选启用帐户密码，并在密码栏填写一个密码。为了安全起见无论你敲的字符是什么我们都只会显示实心圆点。接下来你还需要再输入一次密码以确认你刚才输入的密码准确无误。注意两次输入的密码要一致才行。

在你输入密码的时候，安装程序会评估密码的强度。如果安装程序认为你的密码非常弱，屏幕顶部会弹出相关的信息，告知你输入的密码在哪一方面有所欠缺，例如：

如果有这样的信息出现，我们建议你选择一个不同的且安全性更佳的密码。

你可以选择将用户添加到管理员组（也就是 wheel 组），这样子用户就可以通过 sudo 命令而从只需要自己的密码就能执行特权任务。这可以使得许多工作变得简单，但也有可能带来安全隐患。

如果你希望对用户做进一步的设置，你可以点击位于表单下方的高级选项按钮。此时一个对话框会弹出，我们会在下面介绍这个对话框。